학술논문
Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Sirak KA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. kendra_sirak@hms.harvard.edu.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. kendra_sirak@hms.harvard.edu.; Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. kendra_sirak@hms.harvard.edu.; Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland. kendra_sirak@hms.harvard.edu.; Fernandes DM; Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.; CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.; Lipson M; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.; Mallick S; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Mah M; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Olalde I; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.; Ringbauer H; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.; Rohland N; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.; Hadden CS; Center for Applied Isotope Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.; Harney É; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.; Adamski N; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Bernardos R; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Broomandkhoshbacht N; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.; Callan K; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Ferry M; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Lawson AM; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.; Michel M; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.; Oppenheimer J; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.; Stewardson K; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Zalzala F; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Patterson N; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.; Pinhasi R; Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Dublin, 4, Ireland.; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.; Thompson JC; Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.; Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.; Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.; Van Gerven D; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.; Reich D; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Source
Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Relatively little is known about Nubia's genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650-1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36-54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool - shaped over a millennium - harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period.
(© 2021. The Author(s).)
(© 2021. The Author(s).)