학술논문
Pilot Assessment of Brain Metabolism in Perinatally HIV-Infected Youths Using Accelerated 5D Echo Planar J-Resolved Spectroscopic Imaging.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Iqbal Z; Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Wilson NE; Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Keller MA; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Torrance, CA, 90502, United States of America.; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Michalik DE; Department of Pediatrics, Miller Children's Hospital at Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90806, United States of America.; Church JA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, United States of America.; Nielsen-Saines K; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Deville J; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Souza R; Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Brecht ML; Department of Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.; Thomas MA; Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.
Source
Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Purpose: To measure cerebral metabolite levels in perinatally HIV-infected youths and healthy controls using the accelerated five dimensional (5D) echo planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (EP-JRESI) sequence, which is capable of obtaining two dimensional (2D) J-resolved spectra from three spatial dimensions (3D).
Materials and Methods: After acquisition and reconstruction of the 5D EP-JRESI data, T1-weighted MRIs were used to classify brain regions of interest for HIV patients and healthy controls: right frontal white (FW), medial frontal gray (FG), right basal ganglia (BG), right occipital white (OW), and medial occipital gray (OG). From these locations, respective J-resolved and TE-averaged spectra were extracted and fit using two different quantitation methods. The J-resolved spectra were fit using prior knowledge fitting (ProFit) while the TE-averaged spectra were fit using the advanced method for accurate robust and efficient spectral fitting (AMARES).
Results: Quantitation of the 5D EP-JRESI data using the ProFit algorithm yielded significant metabolic differences in two spatial locations of the perinatally HIV-infected youths compared to controls: elevated NAA/(Cr+Ch) in the FW and elevated Asp/(Cr+Ch) in the BG. Using the TE-averaged data quantified by AMARES, an increase of Glu/(Cr+Ch) was shown in the FW region. A strong negative correlation (r < -0.6) was shown between tCh/(Cr+Ch) quantified using ProFit in the FW and CD4 counts. Also, strong positive correlations (r > 0.6) were shown between Asp/(Cr+Ch) and CD4 counts in the FG and BG.
Conclusion: The complimentary results using ProFit fitting of J-resolved spectra and AMARES fitting of TE-averaged spectra, which are a subset of the 5D EP-JRESI acquisition, demonstrate an abnormal energy metabolism in the brains of perinatally HIV-infected youths. This may be a result of the HIV pathology and long-term combinational anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Further studies of larger perinatally HIV-infected cohorts are necessary to confirm these findings.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Materials and Methods: After acquisition and reconstruction of the 5D EP-JRESI data, T1-weighted MRIs were used to classify brain regions of interest for HIV patients and healthy controls: right frontal white (FW), medial frontal gray (FG), right basal ganglia (BG), right occipital white (OW), and medial occipital gray (OG). From these locations, respective J-resolved and TE-averaged spectra were extracted and fit using two different quantitation methods. The J-resolved spectra were fit using prior knowledge fitting (ProFit) while the TE-averaged spectra were fit using the advanced method for accurate robust and efficient spectral fitting (AMARES).
Results: Quantitation of the 5D EP-JRESI data using the ProFit algorithm yielded significant metabolic differences in two spatial locations of the perinatally HIV-infected youths compared to controls: elevated NAA/(Cr+Ch) in the FW and elevated Asp/(Cr+Ch) in the BG. Using the TE-averaged data quantified by AMARES, an increase of Glu/(Cr+Ch) was shown in the FW region. A strong negative correlation (r < -0.6) was shown between tCh/(Cr+Ch) quantified using ProFit in the FW and CD4 counts. Also, strong positive correlations (r > 0.6) were shown between Asp/(Cr+Ch) and CD4 counts in the FG and BG.
Conclusion: The complimentary results using ProFit fitting of J-resolved spectra and AMARES fitting of TE-averaged spectra, which are a subset of the 5D EP-JRESI acquisition, demonstrate an abnormal energy metabolism in the brains of perinatally HIV-infected youths. This may be a result of the HIV pathology and long-term combinational anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Further studies of larger perinatally HIV-infected cohorts are necessary to confirm these findings.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.