학술논문
A longitudinal study of facial asymmetry in a normal birth cohort up to 6 years of age and the predisposing factors.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Launonen AM; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Vuollo V; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Aarnivala H; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; PEDEGO Research Group, Oulu, Finland.; Heikkinen T; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Pirttiniemi P; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Valkama AM; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; PEDEGO Research Group, Oulu, Finland.; Harila V; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.; Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Source
Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7909010 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1460-2210 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01415387 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Orthod Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Objectives: This prospective, population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the development of facial asymmetry up to 6 years of age using a three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue imaging method in a normal population. In addition, the study sought to identify potential predisposing factors to facial asymmetry.
Methods: A total of 102 newborns were enrolled in the study at birth. 3D stereophotogrammetric images of the head and face were analysed at the ages of 12 months (T1), 3 years (T2), and 6 years (T3). The surface-based analysis involved the calculation of the average distance (mm) and the symmetry percentage (%) between the original and mirrored surfaces. For landmark-based analysis, the distance of facial landmarks to the facial midline was examined.
Results: The final analysis included 70 (68.6%) subjects. Surface-based analysis showed a significant improvement of facial symmetry from T1 to T3 in all facial areas. Landmark-based analysis showed that upper facial landmarks were located, on average, slightly on the left and lower facial landmarks slightly on the right in relation to the facial midline (P < 0.001).
Limitations: The size of the study population was limited. Facial posture may affect the reliability of the results, especially in younger children.
Conclusion: Facial asymmetry is detectable in early childhood and tends to reduce with age in young children. The lower face deviates slightly to the right, and the upper face to the left in relation to the facial midline. Possible predisposing factors for facial asymmetry at the age of 6 years include deformational plagiocephaly, sleeping position, and previous facial asymmetry.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society.)
Methods: A total of 102 newborns were enrolled in the study at birth. 3D stereophotogrammetric images of the head and face were analysed at the ages of 12 months (T1), 3 years (T2), and 6 years (T3). The surface-based analysis involved the calculation of the average distance (mm) and the symmetry percentage (%) between the original and mirrored surfaces. For landmark-based analysis, the distance of facial landmarks to the facial midline was examined.
Results: The final analysis included 70 (68.6%) subjects. Surface-based analysis showed a significant improvement of facial symmetry from T1 to T3 in all facial areas. Landmark-based analysis showed that upper facial landmarks were located, on average, slightly on the left and lower facial landmarks slightly on the right in relation to the facial midline (P < 0.001).
Limitations: The size of the study population was limited. Facial posture may affect the reliability of the results, especially in younger children.
Conclusion: Facial asymmetry is detectable in early childhood and tends to reduce with age in young children. The lower face deviates slightly to the right, and the upper face to the left in relation to the facial midline. Possible predisposing factors for facial asymmetry at the age of 6 years include deformational plagiocephaly, sleeping position, and previous facial asymmetry.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society.)