학술논문
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Roth GA; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Electronic address: rothg@uw.edu.; Mensah GA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: george.mensah@nih.gov.; Johnson CO; University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Addolorato G; Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; Ammirati E; De Gasperis Cardio Center and Transplant Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.; Baddour LM; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Barengo NC; Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.; Beaton AZ; Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.; Benjamin EJ; Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Benziger CP; Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.; Bonny A; District Hospital of Bonassama-University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.; Brauer M; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Brodmann M; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.; Cahill TJ; Newpath Partners LLC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Carapetis J; Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.; Catapano AL; University of Milano, Milan, Italy.; Chugh SS; Cedars-Sinai, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.; Cooper LT; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.; Coresh J; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Criqui M; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.; DeCleene N; The University of Michigan Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.; Eagle KA; The University of Michigan Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.; Emmons-Bell S; University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Feigin VL; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Fernández-Solà J; Barnaclinic+ Grup Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.; Fowkes G; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.; Gakidou E; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Grundy SM; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.; He FJ; Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.; Howard G; University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.; Hu F; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Inker L; Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Karthikeyan G; Cardiothoracic Sciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; Kassebaum N; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Koroshetz W; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Lavie C; Ochsner Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Lloyd-Jones D; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Lu HS; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.; Mirijello A; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.; Temesgen AM; University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Mokdad A; University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Moran AE; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.; Muntner P; University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.; Narula J; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.; Neal B; The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Ntsekhe M; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Moraes de Oliveira G; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Otto C; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Owolabi M; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.; Pratt M; University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.; Rajagopalan S; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; Reitsma M; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.; Ribeiro ALP; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.; Rigotti N; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Rodgers A; The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom.; Sable C; Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.; Shakil S; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Sliwa-Hahnle K; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Stark B; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Sundström J; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Timpel P; Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.; Tleyjeh IM; King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Valgimigli M; Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Vos T; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Whelton PK; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Yacoub M; Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom.; Zuhlke L; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Murray C; University of Washington, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Fuster V; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Biomedical Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8301365 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1558-3597 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07351097 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Coll Cardiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.
Competing Interests: Author Disclosures This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Benjamin has received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (R01HL092577, 1R01HL128914) and American Heart Association (18SFRN34110082). Dr. Brauer has received a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Catapano has received support from Fondazione Cariplo 2015-0524 and 2015-0564, H2020 REPROGRAM PHC-03-2015/667837-2, ERA NET ER-2017-2364981, GR-2011-02346974, Ministry of Health - Ricerca Corrente Multimedica; has received research grant/support from Sanofi, Sanofi Regeneron, Amgen, Mylan, Menarini, and Eli Lilly; has served on the speakers bureau for Akcea, Amgen, Sanofi, Esperion, Kowa, Novartis, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Menarini, Merck, Recordati, Regeneron, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Aegerion, Amryt, and Sandoz; has received honoraria from Akcea, Amgen, Sanofi, Esperion, Kowa, Novartis, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Menarini, Merck, Recordati, Regeneron Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Aegerion, Amryt, and Sandoz; and has served as a consultant/on the Advisory Board for Akcea, Amgen, Sanofi, Esperion, Kowa, Novartis, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Menarini, Merck, Recordati, Regeneron Daiichi-Sankyo, Genzyme, Aegerion, and Sandoz. Dr. Coresh has received funding from the NIH and National Kidney Foundation; and has served as an advisor to Healthy.io. Dr. Fowkes has served on the Advisory Board for AstraZeneca. Dr. Muntner has received grants and personal fees from Amgen Inc. Dr. Ribeiro has received partial support by CNPq (310679/2016-8 and 465518/2014-1) and by FAPEMIG (PPM-00428-17). Dr. Zuhlke has received funding by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Dr. Rigotti has served as a consultant to Achieve Life Sciences; and has received royalties from UpToDate, Inc. Dr. Rodgers is employed by The George Institute for Global Health (TGI) and seconded part time to George Medicines Pty Ltd (GM); TGI has submitted patent applications with respect to low-fixed-dose combination products for the treatment of cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease and is listed as one of the inventors; George Health Enterprises Pty. Ltd. (GHE) and its subsidiary, GM, have received investment funds to develop fixed-dose combination products, including combinations of blood pressure-lowering drugs; GHE is the social enterprise arm of TGI (Dr. Rodgers does not have a direct financial interest in these patent applications or investments). Dr. Sundström holds ownership in companies providing services to Itrim, Amgen, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Author Disclosures This study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Benjamin has received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (R01HL092577, 1R01HL128914) and American Heart Association (18SFRN34110082). Dr. Brauer has received a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Dr. Catapano has received support from Fondazione Cariplo 2015-0524 and 2015-0564, H2020 REPROGRAM PHC-03-2015/667837-2, ERA NET ER-2017-2364981, GR-2011-02346974, Ministry of Health - Ricerca Corrente Multimedica; has received research grant/support from Sanofi, Sanofi Regeneron, Amgen, Mylan, Menarini, and Eli Lilly; has served on the speakers bureau for Akcea, Amgen, Sanofi, Esperion, Kowa, Novartis, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Menarini, Merck, Recordati, Regeneron, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Aegerion, Amryt, and Sandoz; has received honoraria from Akcea, Amgen, Sanofi, Esperion, Kowa, Novartis, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Menarini, Merck, Recordati, Regeneron Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Aegerion, Amryt, and Sandoz; and has served as a consultant/on the Advisory Board for Akcea, Amgen, Sanofi, Esperion, Kowa, Novartis, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Mylan, Menarini, Merck, Recordati, Regeneron Daiichi-Sankyo, Genzyme, Aegerion, and Sandoz. Dr. Coresh has received funding from the NIH and National Kidney Foundation; and has served as an advisor to Healthy.io. Dr. Fowkes has served on the Advisory Board for AstraZeneca. Dr. Muntner has received grants and personal fees from Amgen Inc. Dr. Ribeiro has received partial support by CNPq (310679/2016-8 and 465518/2014-1) and by FAPEMIG (PPM-00428-17). Dr. Zuhlke has received funding by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement and the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Dr. Rigotti has served as a consultant to Achieve Life Sciences; and has received royalties from UpToDate, Inc. Dr. Rodgers is employed by The George Institute for Global Health (TGI) and seconded part time to George Medicines Pty Ltd (GM); TGI has submitted patent applications with respect to low-fixed-dose combination products for the treatment of cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease and is listed as one of the inventors; George Health Enterprises Pty. Ltd. (GHE) and its subsidiary, GM, have received investment funds to develop fixed-dose combination products, including combinations of blood pressure-lowering drugs; GHE is the social enterprise arm of TGI (Dr. Rodgers does not have a direct financial interest in these patent applications or investments). Dr. Sundström holds ownership in companies providing services to Itrim, Amgen, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
(Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)