학술논문
Growth Hormone Alters Circulating Levels of Glycine and Hydroxyproline in Mice.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Young JA; Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Duran-Ortiz S; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Bell S; Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Funk K; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Tian Y; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16803, USA.; Liu Q; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16803, USA.; Patterson AD; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16803, USA.; List EO; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Berryman DE; Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Kopchick JJ; Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.; Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
Source
Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101578790 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2218-1989 (Print) Linking ISSN: 22181989 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Metabolites Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2218-1989
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has established effects on protein metabolism, such as increasing protein synthesis and decreasing amino acid degradation, but its effects on circulating amino acid levels are less studied. To investigate this relationship, metabolomic analyses were used to measure amino acid concentrations in plasma and feces of mice with alterations to the GH axis, namely bovine GH transgenic (bGH; increased GH action) and GH receptor knockout (GHRKO; GH resistant) mice. To determine the effects of acute GH treatment, GH-injected GH knockout (GHKO) mice were used to measure serum glycine. Furthermore, liver gene expression of glycine metabolism genes was assessed in bGH, GHRKO, and GH-injected GHKO mice. bGH mice had significantly decreased plasma glycine and increased hydroxyproline in both sexes, while GHRKO mice had increased plasma glycine in both sexes and decreased hydroxyproline in males. Glycine synthesis gene expression was decreased in bGH mice (Shmt1 in females and Shmt2 in males) and increased in GHRKO mice (Shmt2 in males). Acute GH treatment of GHKO mice caused decreased liver Shmt1 and Shmt2 expression and decreased serum glycine. In conclusion, GH alters circulating glycine and hydroxyproline levels in opposing directions, with the glycine changes at least partially driven by decreased glycine synthesis.