학술논문

Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Krawczynski H; Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; Muleri F; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Dovčiak M; Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.; Veledina A; Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita), Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Rodriguez Cavero N; Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; Svoboda J; Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.; Ingram A; School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.; Matt G; Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.; Garcia JA; Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.; Loktev V; Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Negro M; Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Poutanen J; Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Kitaguchi T; Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.; Podgorný J; Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.; Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France.; Astronomical Institute, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.; Rankin J; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Zhang W; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.; Berdyugin A; Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Berdyugina SV; Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.; Istituto Ricerche Solari (IRSOL) Aldo e Cele Daccò, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6605 Locarno, Switzerland.; Euler Institute, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland.; Bianchi S; Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.; Blinov D; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.; Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.; Capitanio F; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Di Lalla N; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; Draghis P; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.; Fabiani S; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Kagitani M; School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan.; Kravtsov V; Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Kiehlmann S; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.; Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.; Latronico L; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.; Lutovinov AA; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Mandarakas N; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.; Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.; Marin F; Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France.; Marinucci A; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Miller JM; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.; Mizuno T; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.; Molkov SV; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Omodei N; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; Petrucci PO; Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Ratheesh A; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Sakanoi T; School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan.; Semena AN; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Skalidis R; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.; Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.; Soffitta P; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Tennant AF; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Thalhammer P; Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.; Tombesi F; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' 00133 Roma, Italy.; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' 00133 Roma, Italy.; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.; Weisskopf MC; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Wilms J; Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.; Zhang S; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.; Agudo I; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain.; Antonelli LA; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.; Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.; Bachetti M; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.; Baldini L; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Baumgartner WH; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Bellazzini R; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Bongiorno SD; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Bonino R; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.; Brez A; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Bucciantini N; INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, 50125 Firenze, Italy.; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.; Castellano S; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Cavazzuti E; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Ciprini S; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' 00133 Roma, Italy.; Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.; Costa E; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; De Rosa A; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Del Monte E; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Di Gesu L; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Di Marco A; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Donnarumma I; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Doroshenko V; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.; Ehlert SR; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Enoto T; Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.; Evangelista Y; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Ferrazzoli R; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Gunji S; Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan.; Hayashida K; Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.; Heyl J; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Iwakiri W; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.; Jorstad SG; Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.; Department of Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.; Karas V; Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.; Kolodziejczak JJ; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; La Monaca F; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Liodakis I; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory (ESO), 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Maldera S; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.; Manfreda A; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Marscher AP; Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.; Marshall HL; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.; Mitsuishi I; Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.; Ng CY; Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.; O'Dell SL; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Oppedisano C; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.; Papitto A; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.; Pavlov GG; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.; Peirson AL; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; Perri M; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.; Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.; Pesce-Rollins M; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Pilia M; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.; Possenti A; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.; Puccetti S; Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.; Ramsey BD; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Romani RW; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; Sgrò C; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Slane P; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.; Spandre G; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.; Tamagawa T; Astronomical Institute, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.; Tavecchio F; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, 23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy.; Taverna R; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.; Tawara Y; Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.; Thomas NE; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.; Trois A; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.; Tsygankov S; Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.; Turolla R; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK.; Vink J; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Wu K; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK.; Xie F; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.; Zane S; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK.
Source
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray-emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. These observations reveal that hot x-ray-emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to, not parallel to, the jet axis.