학술논문
Investigation of in vitro biotransformation of tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and confirmation in human urine.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
den Ouden F; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Estévez-Danta A; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Chemistry. Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Belova L; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Gys C; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Klimowska A; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.; Roggeman M; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Van Wichelen N; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Quintana JB; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Chemistry. Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Rodil R; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Chemistry. Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Poma G; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.; Covaci A; Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier B.V Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101771915 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2666-027X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2666027X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Res Toxicol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) is one of the major organophosphate flame retardants present in the indoor and outdoor environment. Knowledge of biotransformation pathways is important to elucidate potential bioavailability and toxicity of TCIPP and to identify relevant biomarkers. This study aimed to identify TCIPP metabolites through in vitro human metabolism assays and finally to confirm these findings in urine samples from an occupationally exposed population to propose new biomarkers to accurately monitor exposure to TCIPP. TCIPP was incubated with human liver microsomes and human liver cytosol to identify Phase I and Phase II metabolites, by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Using a suspect-screening approach, the established biomarkers bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) hydrogen phosphate (BCIPP) and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) were identified. In addition, carboxyethyl bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP-M1), bis (1-chloropropan-2-yl) (-oxopropan-2-yl) phosphate (TCIPP-M2) and 1-chloro-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl bis (1-chloropropan-2-yl) phosphate (TCIPP-M3) were identified. TCIPP-M2, an intermediate product, was not reported before in literature. In urine samples, apart from BCIPP and BCIPHIPP, TCIPP-M1 and TCIPP-M3 were identified for the first time. Interestingly, BCIPP showed the lowest detection frequency, likely due to the poor sensitivity for this compound. Therefore, TCIPP-M1 and TCIPP-M3 could serve as potential additional biomarkers to more efficiently monitor TCIPP exposure in humans.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(© 2024 The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(© 2024 The Author(s).)