학술논문
Pharmacogenomics of Old and New Immunosuppressive Drugs for Precision Medicine in Kidney Transplantation.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Turolo S; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Edefonti A; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Syren ML; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Montini G; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Source
Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101606588 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2077-0383 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20770383 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Med Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2077-0383
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred therapeutic option for end-stage kidney disease, but, despite major therapeutic advancements, allograft rejection continues to endanger graft survival. Every patient is unique due to his or her clinical history, drug metabolism, genetic background, and epigenetics. For this reason, examples of "personalized medicine" and "precision medicine" have steadily increased in recent decades. The final target of precision medicine is to maximize drug efficacy and minimize toxicity for each individual patient. Immunosuppressive drugs, in the setting of kidney transplantation, require a precise dosage to avoid either adverse events (overdosage) or a lack of efficacy (underdosage). In this review, we will explore the knowledge regarding the pharmacogenomics of the main immunosuppressive medications currently utilized in kidney transplantation. We will focus on clinically relevant pharmacogenomic data, that is, the polymorphisms of the genes that metabolize immunosuppressive drugs.