학술논문
The Fluorination of C-H Bonds: Developments and Perspectives.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Szpera R; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.; Moseley DFJ; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.; Smith LB; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.; Sterling AJ; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.; Gouverneur V; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
Source
Publisher: Wiley-VCH Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0370543 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-3773 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14337851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
This Review summarizes advances in fluorination by C(sp 2 )-H and C(sp 3 )-H activation. Transition-metal-catalyzed approaches championed by palladium have allowed the installation of a fluorine substituent at C(sp 2 ) and C(sp 3 ) sites, exploiting the reactivity of high-oxidation-state transition-metal fluoride complexes combined with the use of directing groups (some transient) to control site and stereoselectivity. The large majority of known methods employ electrophilic fluorination reagents, but methods combining a nucleophilic fluoride source with an oxidant have appeared. External ligands have proven to be effective for C(sp 3 )-H fluorination directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, thereby enabling control over reactivity. Methods relying on the formation of radical intermediates are complementary to transition-metal-catalyzed processes as they allow for undirected C(sp 3 )-H fluorination. To date, radical C-H fluorinations mainly employ electrophilic N-F fluorination reagents but a unique Mn III -catalyzed oxidative C-H fluorination using fluoride has been developed. Overall, the field of late-stage nucleophilic C-H fluorination has progressed much more slowly, a state of play explaining why C-H 18 F-fluorination is still in its infancy.
(© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
(© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)