학술논문
The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Denaro N; Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Romanò R; Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.; Alfieri S; Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.; Dolci A; Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Licitra L; Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Nuzzolese I; Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.; Ghidini M; Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Bareggi C; Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.; Bertaglia V; Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.; Solinas C; Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, Policlinico di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.; Garrone O; Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Source
Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101526829 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2072-6694 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20726694 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cancers (Basel) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2072-6694
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/Raf/MAPK, fostering cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Through a complex interplay with immune cells, inflammatory mediators and stroma, TC cells support an immunosuppressive, inflamed, pro-carcinogenic TME. Moreover, the participation of estrogens in TC pathogenesis has previously been hypothesized, in view of the higher TC incidence observed among females. In this respect, the interactions between estrogens and the TME in TC could represent a relevant, unexplored area of research. We thereby collectively reviewed the available evidence concerning the potential carcinogenic role of estrogens in TC, specifically focusing on their crosstalk with the TME.