학술논문
Air-drying of soil samples - A crucial step in the determination of leachable concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Lange FT; TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany. Electronic address: frankthomas.lange@tzw.de.; Scheurer M; TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Bierreth C; LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstraße 1, 76185, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Borho W; LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstraße 1, 76185, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Seeger AK; LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstraße 1, 76185, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Dreher P; LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstraße 1, 76185, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Nöltner T; LUBW Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg, Griesbachstraße 1, 76185, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0320657 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1298 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00456535 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chemosphere Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Batch leaching tests at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 L/kg are a valuable tool for the assessment of low PFAS levels in soils. Data from different monitoring programs comprising samples without known local source of PFAS contamination showed that soil-sample drying at ambient temperature or at 40 °C prior to the leaching process leads to higher PFAS leachate levels compared to non-dried samples. The effect was greater for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) than for perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs). In a controlled field study comparing field-fresh (frozen to -18 °C and thawed) samples with air-dried (room temperature) samples median levels after drying increased to 140%-470% for C4 to C10 PFCAs and to 130%-200% for C4, C6, and C8 PFSAs, respectively. Thus, using field-fresh samples for batch leaching tests might underestimate the leachable fraction of PFAA in the field, where drying and leaching periods alternate.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)