학술논문
Prevalence of reflux nephropathy in Iranian children with solitary kidney: results of a multi-center study.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Esteghamati M; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. maryamesteghamati@gmail.com.; Sorkhi H; Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Mohammadjafari H; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Derakhshan A; Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Sadeghi-Bojd S; Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.; Momtaz HE; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Besat Hospital, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.; Mohkam M; Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Safaeian B; Taleghani Pediatric Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.; Hooman N; Aliasghar Clinical Research Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Safaeiasl A; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Sepahi MA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.; Ghasemi K; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.; Bazargani Z; Clinical Research Development Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Valiasr Hospital,School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.; Emami E; Department of Pediatrics, Hajar Shaherkord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Source
Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967793 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2369 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712369 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Nephrol Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Background: Given the importance of the function of the remnant kidney in children with unilateral renal agenesis and the significance of timely diagnosis and treatment of reflux nephropathy to prevent further damage to the remaining kidney, we aimed to determine the prevalence of reflux nephropathy in this subgroup of pediatric patients.
Methods: In general, 274 children referred to pediatric nephrologists in different parts of Iran were evaluated, of whom 199 had solitary kidney and were included in this cross-sectional study. The reasons for referral included urinary tract infection (UTI), abnormal renal ultrasonography, being symptomatic, and incidental screening. Demographic characteristics, including age and gender were recorded. History of UTI and presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were evaluated.
Results: Of the 274 children evaluated in this study with the mean age (SD) of 4.71 (4.24) years, 199 (72.6%) had solitary kidney. Among these, 118 (59.3%) were male and 81 (60.7%) were female, 21.1% had a history of UTI, and VUR was present in 23.1%. The most common cause of referral was abnormal renal ultrasonography (40.2%), followed by incidental screening (21.1%), being symptomatic (14.1%), and UTI (5.5%). In 116 children (58.3%), the right kidneys and in 83 (41.7%) the left kidneys were absent. Besides, 14.6% of the participants had consanguineous parents and 3% had a family history of solitary kidney. Upon DMSA scan, the single kidney was scarred in 13.1%, of which only 7.5% were associated with VUR. In addition, proteinuria and hematuria were observed in 6.5% and 1.5% of children, respectively.
Conclusions: The prevalence of reflux nephropathy was 7.5% in children with solitary kidney with a male predominance. Given the relatively high prevalence of reflux nephropathy in these children, screening for VUR in the remnant kidney appears to be essential in this population.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Methods: In general, 274 children referred to pediatric nephrologists in different parts of Iran were evaluated, of whom 199 had solitary kidney and were included in this cross-sectional study. The reasons for referral included urinary tract infection (UTI), abnormal renal ultrasonography, being symptomatic, and incidental screening. Demographic characteristics, including age and gender were recorded. History of UTI and presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were evaluated.
Results: Of the 274 children evaluated in this study with the mean age (SD) of 4.71 (4.24) years, 199 (72.6%) had solitary kidney. Among these, 118 (59.3%) were male and 81 (60.7%) were female, 21.1% had a history of UTI, and VUR was present in 23.1%. The most common cause of referral was abnormal renal ultrasonography (40.2%), followed by incidental screening (21.1%), being symptomatic (14.1%), and UTI (5.5%). In 116 children (58.3%), the right kidneys and in 83 (41.7%) the left kidneys were absent. Besides, 14.6% of the participants had consanguineous parents and 3% had a family history of solitary kidney. Upon DMSA scan, the single kidney was scarred in 13.1%, of which only 7.5% were associated with VUR. In addition, proteinuria and hematuria were observed in 6.5% and 1.5% of children, respectively.
Conclusions: The prevalence of reflux nephropathy was 7.5% in children with solitary kidney with a male predominance. Given the relatively high prevalence of reflux nephropathy in these children, screening for VUR in the remnant kidney appears to be essential in this population.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)