학술논문

Reproductive inequality in humans and other mammals.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Ross CT; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Hooper PL; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; Smith JE; Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI 54702.; Jaeggi AV; Institut für Anthropologie und Anthropologisches Museum, University of Zürich, Zürich 8006, Switzerland.; Smith EA; Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.; Gavrilets S; Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.; Zohora FT; International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.; Ziker J; Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725.; Xygalatas D; Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269.; Wroblewski EE; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.; Wood B; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.; Winterhalder B; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.; Willführ KP; Institute for Social Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.; Willard AK; Centre for Culture and Evolution, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.; Walker K; College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.; von Rueden C; Jepson School of Leadership Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173.; Voland E; Institute for Philosophy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen 35390, Germany.; Valeggia C; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.; Vaitla B; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.; Urlacher S; Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706.; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, CA M5G 1M1.; Towner M; Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.; Sum CY; College of General Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.; Sugiyama LS; Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.; Strier KB; Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.; Starkweather K; Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607.; Major-Smith D; Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom.; Shenk M; Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.; Sear R; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.; Seabright E; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; Schacht R; Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858.; Scelza B; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.; Scaggs S; Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.; Salerno J; Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Revilla-Minaya C; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Redhead D; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Pusey A; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708.; Purzycki BG; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of the Study of Religion, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.; Power EA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.; Department of Methodology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.; Pisor A; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.; Pettay J; Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.; Perry S; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.; Page AE; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.; Pacheco-Cobos L; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 94294, Mexico.; Oths K; Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487.; Oh SY; Korea Insurance Research Institute, Seoul 150-606, Korea.; Nolin D; Department of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.; Nettle D; Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Paris 75230, France.; Moya C; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.; Migliano AB; Institut für Anthropologie und Anthropologisches Museum, University of Zürich, Zürich 8006, Switzerland.; Mertens KJ; Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725.; McNamara RA; School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.; McElreath R; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Mattison S; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; Massengill E; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; Marlowe F; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.; Madimenos F; Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), New York, NY 11367.; Macfarlan S; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.; Lummaa V; Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.; Lizarralde R; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010A, Venezuela.; Liu R; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; Liebert MA; Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011.; Lew-Levy S; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.; Leslie P; Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.; Lanning J; SIT Graduate Institute, Brattleboro, VT 05301.; Kramer K; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.; Koster J; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221.; Kaplan HS; Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866.; Jamsranjav B; National Museum of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 13373, Mongolia.; Hurtado AM; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.; Hill K; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.; Hewlett B; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.; Helle S; Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.; Headland T; SIL International, Dallas, TX 75236.; Headland J; SIL International, Dallas, TX 75236.; Gurven M; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.; Grimalda G; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel 24105, Germany.; Greaves R; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.; Golden CD; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.; Godoy I; Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany.; Gibson M; Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom.; Mouden CE; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom.; Dyble M; Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.; Draper P; School of Global Integrative Studies, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588.; Downey S; Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.; DeMarco AL; Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.; Davis HE; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.; Crabtree S; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.; Cortez C; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.; Colleran H; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Cohen E; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom.; Clark G; Department of Economics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.; Clark J; Nomad Science, Darkhad 67011, Mongolia.; Caudell MA; Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.; Carminito CE; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221.; Bunce J; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Boyette A; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Bowles S; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.; Blumenfield T; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Yunnan 650106, China.; Beheim B; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Beckerman S; Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.; Atkinson Q; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.; Apicella C; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.; Alam N; International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.; Mulder MB; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.; Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
Source
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution of reproductive inequality. We show that humans exhibit lower reproductive skew (i.e., inequality in the number of surviving offspring) among males and smaller sex differences in reproductive skew than most other mammals, while nevertheless falling within the mammalian range. Additionally, female reproductive skew is higher in polygynous human populations than in polygynous nonhumans mammals on average. This patterning of skew can be attributed in part to the prevalence of monogamy in humans compared to the predominance of polygyny in nonhuman mammals, to the limited degree of polygyny in the human societies that practice it, and to the importance of unequally held rival resources to women's fitness. The muted reproductive inequality observed in humans appears to be linked to several unusual characteristics of our species-including high levels of cooperation among males, high dependence on unequally held rival resources, complementarities between maternal and paternal investment, as well as social and legal institutions that enforce monogamous norms.