부산대학교 도서관

Academic Journal

Baeten JM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Palanee-Phillips T; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Brown ER; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Schwartz K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Soto-Torres LE; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Govender V; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mgodi NM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Matovu Kiweewa F; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Nair G; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mhlanga F; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Siva S; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Bekker LG; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Jeenarain N; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Gaffoor Z; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Martinson F; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Makanani B; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Pather A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Naidoo L; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Husnik M; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Richardson BA; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Parikh UM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mellors JW; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Marzinke MA; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Hendrix CW; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; van der Straten A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Ramjee G; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Chirenje ZM; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Nakabiito C; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Taha TE; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Jones J; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mayo A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Scheckter R; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Berthiaume J; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Livant E; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Jacobson C; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Ndase P; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; White R; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Patterson K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Germuga D; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Galaska B; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Bunge K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Singh D; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Szydlo DW; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Montgomery ET; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Mensch BS; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Torjesen K; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Grossman CI; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Chakhtoura N; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Nel A; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Rosenberg Z; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; McGowan I; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).; Hillier S; From the Departments of Global Health (J.M.B., B.A.R., P.N.), Medicine (J.M.B.), Epidemiology (J.M.B., M.H.), and Biostatistics (E.R.B., B.A.R.), University of Washington, and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (E.R.B., M.H., B.A.R., J.B., K.P., D.W.S.) - both in Seattle; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (T.P.-P.), HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (V.G., S.S., N.J., Z.G., A.P., L.N., G.R.), and Center for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (G.N.), Durban, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Center, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (L.-G.B.) - all in South Africa; FHI 360, Durham, NC (K.S., A.M., R.S., R.W., K.T.); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (L.E.S.-T., D.G.), National Institute of Mental Health (C.I.G.), and Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the Departments of Medicine (M.A.M., C.W.H.) and Epidemiology (T.E.T.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and the International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring (A.N., Z.R.) - all in Maryland; University of Zimbabwe-University of California San Francisco Collaborative Research Program, Harare, Zimbabwe (N.M.M., F. Mhlanga, Z.M.C.); Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda (F.M.K., C.N.); University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe (F. Martinson), and Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre (B.M., T.E.T.) - both in Malawi; the Departments of Medicine (U.M.P., J.W.M., I.M.) and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (K.B., S.H.), University of Pittsburgh, and Magee-Women's Research Institute (J.J., E.L., C.J., B.G., D.S.) - both in Pittsburgh; the Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International (A.S., E.T.M.), and the Department of Medicine, University of California (A.S.) - both in San Francisco; and the Population Council, New York (B.S.M.).

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

English