학술논문
Social determinants of violence against women in Panama: results from population-based cross-sectional studies and a femicide registry.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Santamaría A; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Gerald C; Instituto Nacional de la Mujer, Panama City, Panama.; Chamorro F; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Herrera V; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Flores H; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Sandoval I; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Gómez B; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Harbar E; Instituto Nacional de la Mujer, Panama City, Panama.; Liriola L; Instituto Nacional de la Mujer, Panama City, Panama.; de León Richardson RG; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; Motta J; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.; National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation, Panama City, Panama.; Moreno Velásquez I; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.
Source
Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101517095 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1876-3405 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18763405 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of violence against women (VAW) in Panama and its association with social determinants of health (SDH) and to estimate the femicide rates from 2014 to 2017.
Methods: Data were derived from three cross-sectional population-based studies. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between SDH and VAW, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Age-standardized femicide rates were estimated using data from the Public Ministry.
Results: Compared to the reference categories, women in the lowest quintile (Q) of income distribution (Q1: OR 4.0 [95% CI 1.4-11.7], Q2: OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.1-7.9]), divorced/separated women (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.0-2.1]) and those in the age categories 25-33 y and 34-49 y (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.2-3.1]) were more likely to have experienced violence in the past year. Indigenous ethnicity (OR 2.3 [95% CI 1.3-4.1]), age 15-19 y (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-2.9]) and lowest education levels (very low: OR 4.7 [95% CI 1.4-15.5]; low: OR 4.5 [95% CI 1.4-14.6]) were associated with permissive attitudes towards violence. Indigenous (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3-6.1]), Afro-Panamanians (OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.3-7.6]) and education level (low: OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.2-4.9]; medium: OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.4-6.6]) were associated with physical/sexual intimate partner violence. Standardized adjusted femicide rates (×100 000) from 2015 to 2017 were 1.5, 0.9 and 0.8, respectively.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of prevention programmes.
(© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)
Methods: Data were derived from three cross-sectional population-based studies. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between SDH and VAW, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Age-standardized femicide rates were estimated using data from the Public Ministry.
Results: Compared to the reference categories, women in the lowest quintile (Q) of income distribution (Q1: OR 4.0 [95% CI 1.4-11.7], Q2: OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.1-7.9]), divorced/separated women (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.0-2.1]) and those in the age categories 25-33 y and 34-49 y (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.2-3.1]) were more likely to have experienced violence in the past year. Indigenous ethnicity (OR 2.3 [95% CI 1.3-4.1]), age 15-19 y (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-2.9]) and lowest education levels (very low: OR 4.7 [95% CI 1.4-15.5]; low: OR 4.5 [95% CI 1.4-14.6]) were associated with permissive attitudes towards violence. Indigenous (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3-6.1]), Afro-Panamanians (OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.3-7.6]) and education level (low: OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.2-4.9]; medium: OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.4-6.6]) were associated with physical/sexual intimate partner violence. Standardized adjusted femicide rates (×100 000) from 2015 to 2017 were 1.5, 0.9 and 0.8, respectively.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of prevention programmes.
(© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)