학술논문
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Environmental Exposures on Neurocognitive Outcomes in Children: Empirical Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, and Implications.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Gladieux M; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Gimness N; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Rodriguez B; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Liu J; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Source
Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101639637 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2305-6304 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23056304 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxics Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine the current literature regarding the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and environmental exposures. Specifically, the paper will focus on how this relationship between ACEs and physical environmental factors impacts the neurocognitive development of children. With a comprehensive literary search focusing on ACEs, inclusive of socioeconomic status (SES), and environmental toxins common in urban environments, the paper explores how these factors contribute to cognitive outcomes that are associated with the environment and childhood nurturing. The relationship between ACEs and environmental exposures reveals adverse outcomes in children's neurocognitive development. These cognitive outcomes include learning disabilities, lowered IQ, memory and attention problems, and overall poor educational outcomes. Additionally, potential mechanisms of environmental exposures and children's neurocognitive outcomes are explored, referencing data from animal studies and evidence from brain imaging studies. This study further analyzes the current gaps in the literature, such as the lack of data focusing on exposure to environmental toxicants resulting from experiencing ACEs and discusses the research and social policy implications of ACEs and environmental exposure in the neurocognitive development of children.