학술논문
Analysis of economic and educational spillover effects in PEPFAR countries.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Crown W; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.; Hariharan D; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.; Kates J; KFF, Washington, DC, United States of America.; Gaumer G; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.; Jordan M; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.; Hurley C; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.; Luan Y; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.; Nandakumar A; Institute for Global Health and Development, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America.
Source
Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has been credited with saving millions lives and helping to change the trajectory of the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. This study assesses whether PEPFAR has had impacts beyond health by examining changes in five economic and educational outcomes in PEPFAR countries: the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth rate; the share of girls and share of boys, respectively, who are out of school; and female and male employment rates. We constructed a panel data set for 157 low- and middle-income countries between 1990 and 2018 to estimate the macroeconomic impacts of PEPFAR. Our PEPFAR group included 90 countries that had received PEPFAR support over the period. Our comparison group included 67 low- and middle-income countries that had not received any PEPFAR support or had received minimal PEPFAR support (<$1M or <$.05 per capita) between 2004 and 2018. We used differences in differences (DID) methods to estimate the program impacts on the five economic and educational outcome measures. This study finds that PEPFAR is associated with increases in the GDP per capita growth rate and educational outcomes. In some models, we find that PEPFAR is associated with reductions in male and female employment. However, these effects appear to be due to trends in the comparison group countries rather than programmatic impacts of PEPFAR. We show that these impacts are most pronounced in COP countries receiving the highest levels of PEPFAR investment.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)