학술논문
Impact of vaccination and risk factors on COVID-19 mortality amid delta wave in Libya: A single center cohort study.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Alhudiri I; Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya.; Abusrewil Z; Department of Forensic and toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.; National Migration Health, International Organization for Migration, Tripoli, Libya.; Dakhil O; Souq Thullatha Isolation Center, Tripoli, Libya.; Zwaik MA; Souq Thullatha Isolation Center, Tripoli, Libya.; Awn MA; Souq Thullatha Isolation Center, Tripoli, Libya.; Jallul M; Department of Forensic and toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.; Ahmed AI; National Migration Health, International Organization for Migration, Tripoli, Libya.; Abugrara R; National Migration Health, International Organization for Migration, Tripoli, Libya.; Elzagheid A; Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya.
Source
Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Introduction: The Delta variant has led to a surge in COVID-19 cases in Libya, making it crucial to investigate the impact of vaccination on mortality rates among hospitalized patients and the critically ill. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality and the mortality rates among unvaccinated and vaccinated adults during the Delta wave who were admitted to a single COVID-19 care center in Tripoli, Libya.
Methods: The study involved two independent cohorts (n = 341). One cohort was collected retrospectively from May 2021-August 2021 and the second cohort was prospectively collected from August 2021-October 2021. Most of the patients in the study became ill during the Delta wave. The two cohorts were merged and analysed as one group.
Results: Most patients were male (60.5%) and 53.3% were >60 years old. The vast majority of patients did not have a previous COVID-19 infection (98.9%) and were unvaccinated (90.3%). Among vaccinated patients, 30 had received one dose of vaccine and only 3 had received two doses. Among patients who received one dose, 58.1% (18/31) died and 41.9% (13/31) survived. Most patients (72.2%) had a pre-existing medical condition. A multivariable prediction model showed that age >60 years was significantly associated with death (odds ratio = 2.328, CI 1.5-3.7, p-value = <0.0001).
Conclusion: Our results indicate that previous infection or full vaccination against COVID-19 significantly reduces hospitalization and death. However, a single vaccine dose may not be adequate, especially for older individuals and those with underlying medical conditions. High-risk older patients with comorbidities should be fully vaccinated and offered up to date bivalent COVID-19 booster doses.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Alhudiri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Methods: The study involved two independent cohorts (n = 341). One cohort was collected retrospectively from May 2021-August 2021 and the second cohort was prospectively collected from August 2021-October 2021. Most of the patients in the study became ill during the Delta wave. The two cohorts were merged and analysed as one group.
Results: Most patients were male (60.5%) and 53.3% were >60 years old. The vast majority of patients did not have a previous COVID-19 infection (98.9%) and were unvaccinated (90.3%). Among vaccinated patients, 30 had received one dose of vaccine and only 3 had received two doses. Among patients who received one dose, 58.1% (18/31) died and 41.9% (13/31) survived. Most patients (72.2%) had a pre-existing medical condition. A multivariable prediction model showed that age >60 years was significantly associated with death (odds ratio = 2.328, CI 1.5-3.7, p-value = <0.0001).
Conclusion: Our results indicate that previous infection or full vaccination against COVID-19 significantly reduces hospitalization and death. However, a single vaccine dose may not be adequate, especially for older individuals and those with underlying medical conditions. High-risk older patients with comorbidities should be fully vaccinated and offered up to date bivalent COVID-19 booster doses.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Alhudiri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)