학술논문
Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD: a systematic review.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Vardavas C; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece vardavasc@uoc.gr.; Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Zisis K; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.; Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece.; Nikitara K; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.; Lagou I; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.; Marou V; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.; Aslanoglou K; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.; Athanasakis K; University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece.; Phalkey R; Public Health England, London, UK.; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.; Leonardi-Bee J; Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.; Fernandez E; Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.; Condell O; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.; Lamb F; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.; Sandmann F; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.; Pharris A; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.; Deogan C; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.; Suk JE; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.
Source
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Objectives: The economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role.
Design: A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null.
Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible.
Data Extraction and Synthesis: Studies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.
Results: We included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.
Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Re at the stage of the pandemic.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Design: A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null.
Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible.
Data Extraction and Synthesis: Studies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.
Results: We included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.
Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the R
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)