학술논문
Long-term levels of protection of different types of immunity against the Omicron variant: a rapid literature review.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Rodriguez Velásquez S; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Biru LE; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Hakiza SM; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Al-Gobari M; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; HIV/AIDS Unit Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.; Triulzi I; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.; Dalal J; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Varela CBG; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Botero Mesa S; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.; Keiser O; Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; The GRAPH Network, Geneva, Switzerland.
Source
Publisher: Trägerverein Swiss Medical Weekly SMW Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100970884 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-3997 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00367672 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Swiss Med Wkly Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Introduction: With the emergence of newer SARS-CoV-2 variants and their substantial effects on the levels and duration of protection against infection, an understanding of these characteristics of the protection conferred by humoral and cellular immunity can aid in the proper development and implementation of vaccine and safety guidelines.
Methods: We conducted a rapid literature review and searched five electronic databases weekly from 1 November 2021 to 30 September 2022. Studies that assessed the humoral or cellular immunity conferred by infection, vaccination or a hybrid (combination of both) in adults and risk groups (immunocompromised and older populations) were identified. Studies were eligible when they reported data on immunological assays of COVID-19 (related to vaccination and/or infection) or the effectiveness of protection (related to the effectiveness of vaccination and/or infection).
Results: We screened 5103 studies and included 205 studies, of which 70 provided data on the duration of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The duration of protection of adaptive immunity was greatly impacted by Omicron and its subvariants: levels of protection were low by 3-6 months from exposure to infection/vaccination. Although more durable, cellular immunity also showed signs of waning by 6 months. First and second mRNA vaccine booster doses increased the levels of protection against infection and severe disease from Omicron and its subvariants but continued to demonstrate a high degree of waning over time.
Conclusion: All humoral immunities (infection-acquired, vaccine-acquired and hybrid) waned by 3-6 months. Cellular immunity was more durable but showed signs of waning by 6 months. Hybrid immunity had the highest magnitude of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Boosting may be recommended as early as 3-4 months after the last dose, especially in risk groups.
Methods: We conducted a rapid literature review and searched five electronic databases weekly from 1 November 2021 to 30 September 2022. Studies that assessed the humoral or cellular immunity conferred by infection, vaccination or a hybrid (combination of both) in adults and risk groups (immunocompromised and older populations) were identified. Studies were eligible when they reported data on immunological assays of COVID-19 (related to vaccination and/or infection) or the effectiveness of protection (related to the effectiveness of vaccination and/or infection).
Results: We screened 5103 studies and included 205 studies, of which 70 provided data on the duration of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The duration of protection of adaptive immunity was greatly impacted by Omicron and its subvariants: levels of protection were low by 3-6 months from exposure to infection/vaccination. Although more durable, cellular immunity also showed signs of waning by 6 months. First and second mRNA vaccine booster doses increased the levels of protection against infection and severe disease from Omicron and its subvariants but continued to demonstrate a high degree of waning over time.
Conclusion: All humoral immunities (infection-acquired, vaccine-acquired and hybrid) waned by 3-6 months. Cellular immunity was more durable but showed signs of waning by 6 months. Hybrid immunity had the highest magnitude of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Boosting may be recommended as early as 3-4 months after the last dose, especially in risk groups.