학술논문
Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Stanton DWG; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.; Alberti F; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Zeughaus C5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.; Plotnikov V; Academy of Sciences of Sakha Republic, Lenin Avenue 33, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.; Androsov S; Museum 'Severnyi Mir', Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.; Grigoriev S; Mammoth Museum of Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.; Fedorov S; Mammoth Museum of Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia.; Kosintsev P; Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 Marta 8 St., Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620144.; Nagel D; Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.; Vartanyan S; North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute n.a. N.A. Shilo FEB RAS (NEISRI FEB RAS), Portovaya Str., 16, Magadan, Russia, 685000.; Barnes I; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.; Barnett R; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Ersmark E; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.; Döppes D; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Zeughaus C5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.; Germonpré M; OD Earth and History of Life, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussel, Belgium.; Hofreiter M; Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.; Rosendahl W; Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Zeughaus C5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.; Skoglund P; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.; Dalén L; Centre for Palaeogenetics, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. love.dalen@nrm.se.; Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. love.dalen@nrm.se.; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. love.dalen@nrm.se.
Source
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
The cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the Holarctic throughout the Late Pleistocene. Its closest extant relative is the lion (Panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. In this study we analyse 31 mitochondrial genome sequences from cave lion individuals that, through a combination of 14 C and genetic tip dating, are estimated to be from dates extending well into the mid-Pleistocene. We identified two deeply diverged and well-supported reciprocally monophyletic mitogenome clades in the cave lion, and an additional third distinct lineage represented by a single individual. One of these clades was restricted to Beringia while the other was prevalent across western Eurasia. These observed clade distributions are in line with previous observations that Beringian and European cave lions were morphologically distinct. The divergence dates for these lineages are estimated to be far older than those between extant lions subspecies. By combining our radiocarbon tip-dates with a split time prior that takes into account the most up-to-date fossil stem calibrations, we estimated the mitochondrial DNA divergence between cave lions and lions to be 1.85 Million ya (95% 0.52- 2.91 Mya). Taken together, these results support previous hypotheses that cave lions existed as at least two subspecies during the Pleistocene, and that lions and cave lions were distinct species.