학술논문
Disordered gambling in a longitudinal birth cohort: from childhood precursors to adult life outcomes.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Slutske WS; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.; Richmond-Rakerd LS; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Piasecki TM; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.; Ramrakha S; Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Poulton R; Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.; Moffitt TE; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.; Caspi A; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Source
Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 1254142 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-8978 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00332917 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Background: Despite its introduction into the diagnostic nomenclature over four decades ago, there remain large knowledge gaps about disordered gambling. The primary aims of the present study were to document the long-term course, childhood precursors, and adult life outcomes associated with disordered gambling.
Methods: Participants enrolled in the population-representative Dunedin Study were prospectively followed from birth through age 45. Disordered gambling was assessed six times from age 18; composite measures of childhood social class, general intelligence, and low self-control were based on assessments obtained from birth through age 15; adult socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes were obtained through age 45. Lifetime disordered gambling was predicted from the three childhood precursors and the adult outcomes were predicted from lifetime disordered gambling.
Results: Past-year disordered gambling usually occurred at only a single time point and recurrence was relatively uncommon. Lower childhood social class, general intelligence, and self-control significantly predicted lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood. In turn, lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood significantly predicted occupational, educational, and financial problems in adulthood ( ds = 0.23-0.41). These associations were markedly reduced and sometimes rendered nonsignificant after adjusting for childhood precursors ( ds = 0.04-0.32).
Conclusions: Socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes in adulthood are not merely consequences of disordered gambling, but also are predicted from childhood precursors. Deflecting the trajectories of young people at risk for developing disordered gambling may help to ameliorate not just the development of later disordered gambling, but also other associated adverse outcomes.
Methods: Participants enrolled in the population-representative Dunedin Study were prospectively followed from birth through age 45. Disordered gambling was assessed six times from age 18; composite measures of childhood social class, general intelligence, and low self-control were based on assessments obtained from birth through age 15; adult socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes were obtained through age 45. Lifetime disordered gambling was predicted from the three childhood precursors and the adult outcomes were predicted from lifetime disordered gambling.
Results: Past-year disordered gambling usually occurred at only a single time point and recurrence was relatively uncommon. Lower childhood social class, general intelligence, and self-control significantly predicted lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood. In turn, lifetime disordered gambling in adulthood significantly predicted occupational, educational, and financial problems in adulthood ( ds = 0.23-0.41). These associations were markedly reduced and sometimes rendered nonsignificant after adjusting for childhood precursors ( ds = 0.04-0.32).
Conclusions: Socioeconomic, financial, and legal outcomes in adulthood are not merely consequences of disordered gambling, but also are predicted from childhood precursors. Deflecting the trajectories of young people at risk for developing disordered gambling may help to ameliorate not just the development of later disordered gambling, but also other associated adverse outcomes.