학술논문

Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Kocher A; Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Papac L; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Barquera R; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Key FM; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.; Spyrou MA; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.; Hübler R; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Rohrlach AB; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.; Aron F; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Stahl R; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Wissgott A; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; van Bömmel F; Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.; Pfefferkorn M; Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.; Mittnik A; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.; Villalba-Mouco V; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.; Neumann GU; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Rivollat M; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France.; van de Loosdrecht MS; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Majander K; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (IEM), University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.; Tukhbatova RI; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.; Musralina L; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 050060 Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Ghalichi A; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Penske S; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Sabin S; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Michel M; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.; Gretzinger J; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Nelson EA; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Ferraz T; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Nägele K; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Parker C; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Arizona State University School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Tempe Arizona, USA.; Keller M; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Guevara EK; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Feldman M; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.; Eisenmann S; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Skourtanioti E; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Giffin K; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Gnecchi-Ruscone GA; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Friederich S; State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany.; Schimmenti V; Museo Archeologico Regionale 'Antonino Salinas', 90133 Palermo, Italy.; Khartanovich V; Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.; Karapetian MK; Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.; Chaplygin MS; Sterlitamak Museum of Local History, Sterlitamak, Russia.; Kufterin VV; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; Khokhlov AA; Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia.; Chizhevsky AA; Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.; Stashenkov DA; Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russia.; Kochkina AF; Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russia.; Tejedor-Rodríguez C; Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain.; de Lagrán ÍG; Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain.; Arcusa-Magallón H; Private Technical Archaeologist, 50196 La Muela, Spain.; Garrido-Pena R; Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.; Royo-Guillén JI; Technical Archaeologist, Government of Aragón, Spain.; Nováček J; Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, 99423 Weimar, Germany.; University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.; Rottier S; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France.; Kacki S; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France.; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK.; Saintot S; INRAP, ARAR UMR 5138, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, France.; Kaverzneva E; State Historical Museum, Moscow, Russia.; Belinskiy AB; Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit, 355006 Stavropol, Russia.; Velemínský P; Department of Anthropology, The National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.; Limburský P; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Kostka M; The City of Prague Museum, Prague, Czech Republic.; Loe L; Oxford Archaeology South, Janus House, Osney Mead, Oxford, OX2 0ES, UK.; Popescu E; Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK.; Clarke R; Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK.; Lyons A; Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK.; Mortimer R; Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK.; Sajantila A; Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.; de Armas YC; Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Hernandez Godoy ST; Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo, Dirección Provincial de Cultura, Matanzas, Cuba.; Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas, Cuba.; Hernández-Zaragoza DI; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico.; Immunogenetics Unit, Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico.; Pearson J; Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK.; Binder D; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM UMR 7264, Nice, France.; Lefranc P; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Archimède UMR 7044, Strasbourg, France.; Kantorovich AR; Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia.; Maslov VE; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia.; Lai L; Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.; Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.; Zoledziewska M; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica-CNR, Monserrato, Italy.; Beckett JF; Private contractor, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.; Langová M; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Danielisová A; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Ingman T; Koç University, Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Istanbul 34433, Turkey.; Atiénzar GG; Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.; de Miguel Ibáñez MP; Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.; Romero A; Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.; Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.; Sperduti A; Bioarchaeology Service, Museum of Civilizations, Rome, Italy.; Dipartimento Asia Africa e Mediterraneo, Università di Napoli L'Orientale, Napoli, Italy.; Beckett S; Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.; Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia.; Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield Defence and Security, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.; Salter SJ; Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.; Zilivinskaya ED; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; Vasil'ev DV; Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia.; von Heyking K; SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, 80333 Munich, Germany.; Burger RL; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.; Salazar LC; Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.; Amkreutz L; National Museum of Antiquities, 2301 EC Leiden, Netherlands.; Navruzbekov M; Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.; Rosenstock E; Freie Universität Berlin, Einstein Center Chronoi, 14195 Berlin, Germany.; Alonso-Fernández C; Cronos S.C. Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain.; Slavchev V; Regional Historical Museum Varna, Varna, BG-9000, Bulgaria.; Kalmykov AA; Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit, 355006 Stavropol, Russia.; Atabiev BC; Institute for Caucasus Archaeology, 361401 Nalchik, Republic Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia.; Batieva E; Azov History, Archaeology and Palaeontology Museum-Reserve, Azov 346780, Russia.; Calmet MA; Museo de Sitio Pucllana, s/n Miraflores, 18 Lima, Peru.; Llamas B; Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.; Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.; National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.; Schultz M; University Medical School Göttingen, Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.; Institute of Biology, University of Hildeshein, Germany.; Krauß R; Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.; Jiménez-Echevarría J; Cronos S.C. Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain.; Francken M; State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.; Shnaider S; ArchaeoZoology in Siberia and Central Asia-ZooSCAn, CNRS-IAET SB RAS International Research Laboratory, IRL 2013, Novosibirsk, Russia.; de Knijff P; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands.; Altena E; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands.; Van de Vijver K; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.; Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.; Dienst Archeologie-Stad Mechelen, Belgium.; Fehren-Schmitz L; UCSC Paleogenomics Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.; UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.; Tung TA; Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.; Lösch S; Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Dobrovolskaya M; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia.; Makarov N; Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 117292, Russia.; Read C; Applied Archaeology School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ireland.; Van Twest M; Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Sedgeford, Hunstanton PE36 5LS, UK.; Sagona C; School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.; Ramsl PC; Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Austria.; Akar M; Department of Archaeology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Alahan-Antakya, Hatay 31060, Turkey.; Yener KA; Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, NY 10028, USA.; Ballestero EC; Territorial Service of Culture and Tourism from Valladolid, Castilla y León Regional Government, C/ San Lorenzo, 5, 47001, Valladolid, Spain.; Department of History, Geography and Comunication, University of Burgos, Paseo de Comendadores, s/n 09001 Burgos (Burgos), Spain.; Cucca F; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica-CNR, Monserrato, Italy.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.; Mazzarello V; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.; Utrilla P; Área de Prehistoria, P3A DGA Research Group, IPH, University of Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.; Rademaker K; Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.; Fernández-Domínguez E; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK.; Baird D; Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK.; Semal P; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.; Márquez-Morfín L; Osteology Laboratory, Post Graduate Studies Division, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico.; Roksandic M; Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Caribbean Research Institute, Univeristy of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; DFG Center for Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools,' University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Steiner H; South Tyrol Provincial Heritage Service, South Tyrol, Italy.; Salazar-García DC; Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.; Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Shishlina N; Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.; State Historical Museum, Moscow, Russia.; Erdal YS; Human_G Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.; Hallgren F; The Cultural Heritage Foundation, 722 12 Västerås, Sweden.; Boyadzhiev Y; National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.; Boyadzhiev K; National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria.; Küßner M; Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, 99423 Weimar, Germany.; Sayer D; School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.; Onkamo P; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland.; Skeates R; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham. DH1 3LE. UK.; Rojo-Guerra M; Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain.; Buzhilova A; Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.; Khussainova E; Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 050060 Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Djansugurova LB; Institute of Genetics and Physiology, 050060 Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Beisenov AZ; Institute of archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Samashev Z; Branch of Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan, 24 of 511 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.; State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve 'Berel,' Katon-Karagay district, East Kazakhstan region, Kazakhstan.; Massy K; Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany.; Mannino M; Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark.; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig Germany.; Moiseyev V; Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.; Mannermaa K; Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.; Balanovsky O; Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.; Biobank of North Eurasia, Moscow, Russia.; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.; Deguilloux MF; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA UMR 5199, Pessac, France.; Reinhold S; Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany.; Hansen S; Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Berlin, Germany.; Kitov EP; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; Institute of archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 44 Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Dobeš M; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Ernée M; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Meller H; State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany.; Alt KW; Danube Private University, Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, A - 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria.; Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Biomedical Engineering (DBE), Universitätsspital Basel (HFZ), CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.; Prüfer K; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Warinner C; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.; Schiffels S; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Stockhammer PW; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany.; Bos K; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Posth C; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.; Herbig A; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Haak W; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.; Krause J; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Kühnert D; Transmission, Infection, Diversification and Evolution Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.; Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany.
Source
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.