학술논문

Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Smith MD; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Wilkins KD; Denver Zoo, Denver, CO 80205.; Holdrege MC; Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.; Wilfahrt P; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.; Collins SL; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.; Knapp AK; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Sala OE; School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281.; Dukes JS; Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305.; Phillips RP; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405.; Yahdjian L; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.; Gherardi LA; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Ohlert T; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Beier C; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1958, Denmark.; Fraser LH; Department of Natural Resource Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.; Jentsch A; Department of Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.; Loik ME; Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.; Maestre FT; Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.; Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.; Power SA; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.; Yu Q; School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.; Felton AJ; Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717.; Munson SM; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001.; Luo Y; Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.; Abdoli H; Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran.; Abedi M; Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran.; Alados CL; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza 50059, Spain.; Alberti J; Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del Plata B7600WAG, Argentina.; Alon M; School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.; An H; School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.; Anacker B; City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks, Boulder, CO 80301.; Anderson M; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.; Auge H; Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle 06120, Germany.; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Bachle S; Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.; LI-COR Biosciences, 4647 Superior Street, Lincoln, NE 68505.; Bahalkeh K; Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran.; Bahn M; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.; Batbaatar A; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.; Bauerle T; Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.; Beard KH; Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.; Behn K; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany.; Beil I; Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald D-17498, Germany.; Biancari L; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.; Blindow I; Biological Station of Hiddensee, Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Kloster D-18565, Germany.; Bondaruk VF; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.; Borer ET; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.; Bork EW; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.; Bruschetti CM; Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del Plata B7600WAG, Argentina.; Byrne KM; Department of Environmental Science and Management, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA 95521.; Cahill JF Jr; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Calvo DA; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), Sede Atlántica-CONICET, Viedma 8500, Argentina.; Carbognani M; Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma I-43124, Italy.; Cardoni A; Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del Plata B7600WAG, Argentina.; Carlyle CN; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.; Castillo-Garcia M; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza 50059, Spain.; Chang SX; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada.; Chieppa J; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.; Cianciaruso MV; Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil.; Cohen O; School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.; Cordeiro AL; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Cusack DF; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Dahlke S; Biological Station of Hiddensee, Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Kloster D-18565, Germany.; Daleo P; Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del Plata B7600WAG, Argentina.; D'Antonio CM; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.; Dietterich LH; Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39180.; S Doherty T; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.; Dubbert M; Isotope Biogeochemistry and GasFluxes, Leibniz-Zentrum fürAgrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Müncheberg 15374, Germany.; Ebeling A; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany.; Eisenhauer N; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Fischer FM; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universitat Valencia (UV) - Generalitat Valenciana (GV), Valencia 46113, Spain.; Forte TGW; Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma I-43124, Italy.; Gebauer T; Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.; Gozalo B; Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.; Greenville AC; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.; Guidoni-Martins KG; Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil.; Hannusch HJ; Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.; Vatsø Haugum S; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway.; Hautier Y; Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, Netherlands.; Hefting M; Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, Netherlands.; Henry HAL; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.; Hoss D; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.; Ingrisch J; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.; Iribarne O; Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigación Ciencia y Técnica (CONICET), CC 1260 Correo Central, Mar del Plata B7600WAG, Argentina.; Isbell F; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.; Johnson Y; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814.; Jordan S; School of Life Sciences, Global Drylands Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281.; Kelly EF; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.; Kimmel K; Global Water Security Center, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487.; Kreyling J; Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald D-17498, Germany.; Kröel-Dulay G; Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary.; Kröpfl A; Departamento de Gestión Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Centro Universitario Regional Zona Atlántica, Viedma 85009, Argentina.; Kübert A; Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany.; Kulmatiski A; Department of Wildland Resource and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.; Lamb EG; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada.; Larsen KS; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1958, Denmark.; Larson J; Range and Meadow Forage Management Research, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR 97720.; Lawson J; Brackenridge Field Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78747.; Leder CV; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), Sede Atlántica-CONICET, Viedma 8500, Argentina.; Linstädter A; Department of Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany.; Liu J; Prataculture Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haerbin 150086, China.; Liu S; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.; Lodge AG; Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.; Longo G; Programa de Posgrado en Desarrollo y Medio Ambiente-Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.; Loydi A; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida-CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000FTN, Argentina.; Luan J; Institute of Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China.; Curtis Lubbe F; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic.; Macfarlane C; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.; Mackie-Haas K; School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen 3052, Switzerland.; Malyshev AV; Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald D-17498, Germany.; Maturano-Ruiz A; Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.; Merchant T; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.; Metcalfe DB; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden.; Mori AS; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.; Mudongo E; Conservancy-Communities Living Among Wildlife Sustainably (CLAWS) Botswana, Seronga 00000, Botswana.; Newman GS; School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019.; Nielsen UN; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.; Nimmo D; Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia.; Niu Y; Department of Disturbance Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany.; Nobre P; Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil.; O'Connor RC; Range and Meadow Forage Management Research, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR 97720.; Ogaya R; Global Ecology Unit Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF)-National Research Council (CSIC)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), National Research Council (CSIC), Bellaterra, Catalonia 08194, Spain.; Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; Oñatibia GR; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.; Orbán I; Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary.; Department of Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14469, Germany.; Osborne B; Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Moab, UT 84532.; Otfinowski R; Department of Biology, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.; Pärtel M; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu EE50409, Estonia.; Penuelas J; Global Ecology Unit Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF)-National Research Council (CSIC)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), National Research Council (CSIC), Bellaterra, Catalonia 08194, Spain.; Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; Peri PL; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Universidad Nacional d ela Patagonia Austral-CONICET, Río Gallegos, Caleta Olivia Z9011, Argentina.; Peter G; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Centro de Estudios Ambientales desde la NorPatagonia (CEANPa), Sede Atlántica-CONICET, Viedma 8500, Argentina.; Petraglia A; Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma I-43124, Italy.; Picon-Cochard C; Université Clermont Auvergne, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, VetAgro Sup, Research Unit for Grassland Ecosystems, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France.; Pillar VD; Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.; Piñeiro-Guerra JM; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina.; Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Conservação, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.; Ploughe LW; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.; Plowes RM; Brackenridge Field Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78747.; Portales-Reyes C; Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103.; Prober SM; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.; Pueyo Y; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Restauración, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Zaragoza 50059, Spain.; Reed SC; U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532.; Ritchie EG; Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.; Rodríguez DA; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida-CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000FTN, Argentina.; Rogers WE; Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.; Roscher C; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany.; Sánchez AM; Department of Biology and Geology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid 28032, Spain.; Santos BA; Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.; Cecilia Scarfó M; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida-CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca 8000FTN, Argentina.; Seabloom EW; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.; Shi B; Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.; Souza L; School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019.; Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019.; Stampfli A; School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen 3052, Switzerland.; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland.; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.; Standish RJ; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland.; Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.; Sternberg M; School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.; Sun W; Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.; Sünnemann M; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany.; Tedder M; School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa.; Thorvaldsen P; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, Tjøtta 8860, Norway.; Tian D; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.; Tielbörger K; Plant Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.; Valdecantos A; Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.; Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef', Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.; van den Brink L; Plant Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.; Vandvik V; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5007, Norway.; Vankoughnett MR; Nova Scotia Community College, Annapolis Valley Campus, Applied Research, Middleton, NS B0S 1P0, Canada.; Guri Velle L; Møreforsking, Aalesund 6021, Norway.; Wang C; College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China.; Wang Y; Institute of Resources and Environment, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China.; Wardle GM; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.; Werner C; Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany.; Wei C; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.; Wiehl G; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.; Williams JL; Department of Geography and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.; Wolf AA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712.; Zeiter M; School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen 3052, Switzerland.; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland.; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.; Zhang F; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.; Zhu J; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.; Zong N; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.; Zuo X; Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Source
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events-the most common duration of drought-globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function-aboveground net primary production (ANPP)-was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.