학술논문
Generalized super-resolution 4D Flow MRI-using ensemble learning to extend across the cardiovascular system.
Document Type
Author
Ericsson L; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Hjalmarsson A; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Akbar MU; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Ferdian E; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Bonini M; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Hardy B; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Schollenberger J; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Aristova M; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Winter P; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Burris N; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Fyrdahl A; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Sigfridsson A; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Schnell S; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Figueroa CA; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Nordsletten D; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Young AA; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.; Marlevi D; L.E., A.H., A.F., A.S., and D.M. are with Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden. M.U.A. is with Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. E.F. and A.A.Y. are with the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. M.B., B.H, N.B, C.A.F, and D.A.N. are with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. J.S. is with the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. M.A. ans S.S. are with Northwestern University, Chicago, USA. S.S. is also with the University of Greifswald, Germany. A.A.Y. is also with King's College London, London, UK. D.M. is also with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
Source
Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101759493 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2331-8422 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23318422 NLM ISO Abbreviation: ArXiv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
4D Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging (4D Flow MRI) is a non-invasive measurement technique capable of quantifying blood flow across the cardiovascular system. While practical use is limited by spatial resolution and image noise, incorporation of trained super-resolution (SR) networks has potential to enhance image quality post-scan. However, these efforts have predominantly been restricted to narrowly defined cardiovascular domains, with limited exploration of how SR performance extends across the cardiovascular system; a task aggravated by contrasting hemodynamic conditions apparent across the cardiovasculature. The aim of our study was to explore the generalizability of SR 4D Flow MRI using a combination of heterogeneous training sets and dedicated ensemble learning. With synthetic training data generated across three disparate domains (cardiac, aortic, cerebrovascular), varying convolutional base and ensemble learners were evaluated as a function of domain and architecture, quantifying performance on both in-silico and acquired in-vivo data from the same three domains. Results show that both bagging and stacking ensembling enhance SR performance across domains, accurately predicting high-resolution velocities from low-resolution input data in-silico . Likewise, optimized networks successfully recover native resolution velocities from downsampled in-vivo data, as well as show qualitative potential in generating denoised SR-images from clinicallevel input data. In conclusion, our work presents a viable approach for generalized SR 4D Flow MRI, with ensemble learning extending utility across various clinical areas of interest.