학술논문
A simple, open and extensible gating Control unit for cardiac and respiratory synchronisation control in small animal MRI and demonstration of its robust performance in steady-state maintained CINE-MRI.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Gilchrist S; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: stuart.gilchrist@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Kinchesh P; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: paul.kinchesh@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Kersemans V; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: veerle.kersemans@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Beech J; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: john.beech@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Allen D; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: danny.allen@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Brady M; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mike.brady@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Vojnovic B; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: boris.vojnovic@oncology.ox.ac.uk.; Schneider J; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9DA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.e.schneider@leeds.ac.uk.; Miller J; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jack.miller@physics.org.; Smart S; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sean.smart@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8214883 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5894 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0730725X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Magn Reson Imaging Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Prospective cardiac gating during MRI is hampered by electromagnetic induction from the rapidly switched imaging gradients into the ECG detection circuit. This is particularly challenging in small animal MRI, as higher heart rates combined with a smaller myocardial mass render routine ECG detection challenging. We have developed an open-hardware system that enables continuously running MRI scans to be performed in conjunction with cardio-respiratory gating such that the relaxation-weighted steady state magnetisation is maintained throughout the scan. This requires that the R-wave must be detected reliably even in the presence of rapidly switching gradients, and that data previously acquired that were corrupted by respiratory motion re-acquired. The accurately maintained steady-state magnetisation leads to an improvement in image quality and removes alterations in intensity that may otherwise occur throughout the cardiac cycle and impact upon automated image analysis. We describe the hardware required to enable this and demonstrate its application and robust performance using prospectively cardio-respiratory gated CINE imaging that is operated at a single, constant TR. Schematics, technical drawings, component listing and assembly instructions are made publicly available.
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)