학술논문
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation in Lactating Women Increases Breast Milk and Erythrocyte Membrane Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations and Alters Infant n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Khandelwal S; Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.; Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India.; Kondal D; Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India.; Gupta R; Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India.; Chaudhry M; Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.; Dutta S; Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.; Department of Nutrition, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.; Ramakrishnan L; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.; Patil K; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE's J.N. Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India.; Swamy MK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KLE's J.N. Medical College Belagavi, Karnataka, India.; Prabhakaran D; Department of Public Health Nutrition, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.; Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India.; Tandon N; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.; Ramakrishnan U; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.; Stein AD; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101717957 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2475-2991 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 24752991 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Dev Nutr Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Background: Low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or high n-6 (ω-6):n-3 ratio in pregnant women is associated with poor fetal growth velocity and suboptimal neurodevelopment. However, there is a lack of data on levels of important n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FAs) at different time points during pregnancy and lactation from India. Data on how much DHA is transferred during actual supplementation are also scarce.
Objectives: We report the concentrations of n-6 and n-3 FAs in maternal and infant blood and in breast milk following maternal supplementation with DHA or placebo.
Methods: A total of 957 pregnant women (≤20 wk) from Belagavi, Karnataka, were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo through 6 mo postpartum. Blood samples were collected from the mother at recruitment/baseline, delivery, and 6 mo postpartum and from the infant at birth (cord) and 12 mo (venous). Breast milk samples were collected from a subsample at delivery, 1 mo and 6 mo postpartum. The FA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography.
Results: The concentration of DHA appeared to be higher in erythrocyte and breast milk samples of the DHA-supplemented group at all subsequent time points. The n-6:n-3 ratio was lower among women in the DHA group at delivery [DHA: 4.08 (1.79); placebo: 5.84 (3.57); P < 0.001] and at 6 mo postpartum [DHA: 5.34 (2.64); placebo: 7.69 (2.9); P < 0.001]. Infants of DHA-supplemented mothers also had a lower n-6:n-3 ratio at delivery and 12 mo. The n-6:n-3 ratio of breast milk increased from delivery through 1 to 6 mo but remained lower in the DHA-supplemented group than in the placebo.
Conclusions: Maternal DHA supplementation with 400 mg/d from early pregnancy through 6 mo postpartum significantly increased circulating DHA in breast milk and infant erythrocyte, whereas decreased erythrocyte and breast milk n-6:n-3 ratio. However, maternal supplementation did not get the ratio to the recommended levels.
Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shweta Khandelwal reports financial support was provided by Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance.
(© 2023 The Author(s).)
Objectives: We report the concentrations of n-6 and n-3 FAs in maternal and infant blood and in breast milk following maternal supplementation with DHA or placebo.
Methods: A total of 957 pregnant women (≤20 wk) from Belagavi, Karnataka, were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg/d of algal DHA or placebo through 6 mo postpartum. Blood samples were collected from the mother at recruitment/baseline, delivery, and 6 mo postpartum and from the infant at birth (cord) and 12 mo (venous). Breast milk samples were collected from a subsample at delivery, 1 mo and 6 mo postpartum. The FA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography.
Results: The concentration of DHA appeared to be higher in erythrocyte and breast milk samples of the DHA-supplemented group at all subsequent time points. The n-6:n-3 ratio was lower among women in the DHA group at delivery [DHA: 4.08 (1.79); placebo: 5.84 (3.57); P < 0.001] and at 6 mo postpartum [DHA: 5.34 (2.64); placebo: 7.69 (2.9); P < 0.001]. Infants of DHA-supplemented mothers also had a lower n-6:n-3 ratio at delivery and 12 mo. The n-6:n-3 ratio of breast milk increased from delivery through 1 to 6 mo but remained lower in the DHA-supplemented group than in the placebo.
Conclusions: Maternal DHA supplementation with 400 mg/d from early pregnancy through 6 mo postpartum significantly increased circulating DHA in breast milk and infant erythrocyte, whereas decreased erythrocyte and breast milk n-6:n-3 ratio. However, maternal supplementation did not get the ratio to the recommended levels.
Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shweta Khandelwal reports financial support was provided by Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance.
(© 2023 The Author(s).)