학술논문
Contrasting speed and accuracy approaches to measure executive functions in three low-and middle-income countries.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Wray C; Department of Psychiatry, the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.; Kowalski AJ; Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.; Mpondo F; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Ochaeta L; Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala.; Belleza D; Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines.; DiGirolamo A; Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.; Waford R; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.; Richter L; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Lee N; USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu, the Philippines.; Scerif G; Department of Experimental Psychology, the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.; Stein A; Department of Psychiatry, the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.; African Health Research Institute, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; Stein AD; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Source
Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Executive functions (EF) can be measured by tests assessing accuracy, reaction times and by computing scores which combine these two components. Interpretation issues can arise from the use of different scoring methods across studies. Given that EF measures and their scoring methods are predominantly developed and validated in high income countries, little is known about the generalisability of such methods cross- culturally. The current paper compares two different established scoring approaches for measures of inhibition and cognitive flexibility: difference scores (which utilise reaction time only) and computed scores (combining accuracy and reaction time). We utilised data collected in adulthood from three low- and middle-income birth cohorts (Guatemala, Philippines, South Africa). Non-normal distributions were observed for both scoring methods in all three samples; however, this was more pronounced for the difference score method. Differing distribution patterns were observed across the three cohorts, which was especially evident in the Guatemala cohort, highlighting potential issues with using these methods across diverse populations. The data suggest that the computed scores may be a reliable measure of EF. However, the different ways of scoring and interpreting EF instruments need to be considered carefully for each population before use.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Wray et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2023 Wray et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)