학술논문
Short chain fatty acids inhibit corneal inflammatory responses to TLR ligands via the ocular G-protein coupled receptor 43.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Wu J; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Chen N; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Grau E; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Johnson L; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Liu Y; Department of Medicine-oncology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Li C; Department of Medicine-oncology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Scott PA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.; Kim C; Department of Pathology, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, 4025 Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.; Sun D; Doheny Eye Institute & Department Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine/UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Kaplan HJ; Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.; Shao H; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. Electronic address: h0shao01@louisville.edu.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101156063 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1937-5913 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15420124 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ocul Surf Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Purpose: Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota are known to play primary roles in gut homeostasis by immunomodulation partially through G-protein coupled receptors (GPR) 43. Using mouse models of TLR ligand induced keratitis, we investigated whether SCFAs and GPR43 play any regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in the eye.
Methods: Both human and mouse eyes were labeled with a specific antibody for GPR43 and imaged by a laser scanning confocal microscope. Corneal cups from naïve C57BL/6J (B6) and GPR43 knockout (KO) mice were stimulated with TLR ligands in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate overnight and then processed for RT-PCR assay for expression of GPR43 and cytokines. Keratitis was induced by Poly I:C in wild type (WT) B6, GPR43KO and chimeric mice and the disease severity was evaluated by the corneal fluorescein staining test, and infiltrating cell staining and calculating in corneal whole mount.
Results: GPR43 is expressed in both human and mouse eyes and the expression is bidirectionally regulated by TLR ligands and butyrate. Butyrate significantly inhibited inflammation caused by several TLR ligands such as Poly I:C, Flagellin, and CpG-ODN (TLR-3, 5 and 9 agonists, respectively) in WT, but not GPR43KO, mice. Butyrate inhibition of TLR-induced keratitis is mediated by the GPR43 expressed in tissue but not hematopoietic, cells.
Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate of the protective effect of SCFAs on microbial keratitis, and the dynamic expression and anti-inflammatory function of GPR43 in the eye. SCFAs can modulate inflammation and immunity in the eye through GPR43.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Methods: Both human and mouse eyes were labeled with a specific antibody for GPR43 and imaged by a laser scanning confocal microscope. Corneal cups from naïve C57BL/6J (B6) and GPR43 knockout (KO) mice were stimulated with TLR ligands in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate overnight and then processed for RT-PCR assay for expression of GPR43 and cytokines. Keratitis was induced by Poly I:C in wild type (WT) B6, GPR43KO and chimeric mice and the disease severity was evaluated by the corneal fluorescein staining test, and infiltrating cell staining and calculating in corneal whole mount.
Results: GPR43 is expressed in both human and mouse eyes and the expression is bidirectionally regulated by TLR ligands and butyrate. Butyrate significantly inhibited inflammation caused by several TLR ligands such as Poly I:C, Flagellin, and CpG-ODN (TLR-3, 5 and 9 agonists, respectively) in WT, but not GPR43KO, mice. Butyrate inhibition of TLR-induced keratitis is mediated by the GPR43 expressed in tissue but not hematopoietic, cells.
Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate of the protective effect of SCFAs on microbial keratitis, and the dynamic expression and anti-inflammatory function of GPR43 in the eye. SCFAs can modulate inflammation and immunity in the eye through GPR43.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)