학술논문
Spatial and temporal patterns of organophosphate Esters flame retardants and plasticizers in airborne particles over the Mediterranean sea.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Violaki K; Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France. Electronic address: kviolaki@gmail.com.; Castro-Jiménez J; IFREMER, Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems (CCEM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.; Nenes A; Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Center for the Study of Air Quality and Climate Change, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, GR-26504, Patras, Greece.; Sempere R; Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.; Panagiotopoulos C; Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and Their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland; Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France.
Source
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0320657 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1298 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00456535 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chemosphere Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
We studied the co-occurrence of OPEs and other constituents in atmospheric particles at the two edges of the Mediterranean Sea, under the influence of the transport of polluted air from Europe and dust from the Sahara. The highest OPE concentrations were observed during the summer period in the East Mediterranean and in spring for the NW Mediterranean. The total average atmospheric concentration of Σ 6 OPEs in the NW Mediterranean was 2103 ± 2020 pg m -3 (n = 23) with EHDPP and TCPP to be the predominant OPEs, accounting on average for 46% and 37% of the total Ʃ 6 OPEs concentrations, respectively. The average concentration of Σ 6 OPEs in East Mediterranean was 156.4 ± 170.3 pg m -3 (n = 67) with TCPP showing the highest concentration (116.1 ± 92.8 pg m -3 ), followed by TCEP (67.5 ± 55.8 pg m -3 ). In both areas, OPEs were mostly associated with fossil fuel combustion and road traffic, while the air masses from Saharan desert influenced the concentration of EHDPP, TCEP in NW Mediterranean and the TCEP concentration levels in the East Mediterranean. The total annual deposition of reported OPEs to the Mediterranean basin was estimated to be 584 tonnes, accounting for about 8.5% of the total deposited anthropogenic phosphorus.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)