학술논문
Non-Binary Trauma Patients: Delineating a Vulnerable, At-Risk Population.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Hambrecht A; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Schellenberg M; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Owattanapanich N; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Boyle KA; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Ugarte C; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Ambrose C; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Matsushima K; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Martin MJ; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Inaba K; Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Source
Publisher: SAGE Publications in association with Southeastern Surgical Congress Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370522 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1555-9823 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00031348 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am Surg Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Introduction: An increasing proportion of the population identifies as non-binary. This marginalized group may be at differential risk for trauma compared to those who identify as male or female, but physical trauma among non-binary patients has not yet been examined at a national level.
Methods: All patients aged ≥ 16 years in the National Trauma Data Bank were included (2021-2022). Demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes after trauma among non-binary patients were compared to males and females. The goal was to delineate differences between groups to inform the care and future study of non-binary trauma patients.
Results: In total, 1,012,348 patients were included: 283 (<1%) non-binary, 610,904 (60%) male, and 403,161 (40%) female patients. Non-binary patients were younger than males or females (median age 44 vs 49 vs 67 years, P < .001) and less likely to be White race/ethnicity (58% vs 60% vs 74%, P < .001). Despite non-binary patients having a lower median Injury Severity Score (5 vs 9 vs 9, P < .001), mortality was highest among non-binary and male patients than females (5% vs 5% vs 3%, P < .001).
Discussion: In this study, non-binary trauma patients were younger and more likely minority races/ethnicities than males or females. Despite having a lower injury severity, non-binary patient mortality rates were comparable to those of males and greater than for females. These disparities identify non-binary trauma patients as doubly marginalized, by gender and race/ethnicity, who experience worse outcomes after trauma than expected based on injury severity. This vulnerable patient population deserves further study to identify areas for improved trauma delivery care.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Methods: All patients aged ≥ 16 years in the National Trauma Data Bank were included (2021-2022). Demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes after trauma among non-binary patients were compared to males and females. The goal was to delineate differences between groups to inform the care and future study of non-binary trauma patients.
Results: In total, 1,012,348 patients were included: 283 (<1%) non-binary, 610,904 (60%) male, and 403,161 (40%) female patients. Non-binary patients were younger than males or females (median age 44 vs 49 vs 67 years, P < .001) and less likely to be White race/ethnicity (58% vs 60% vs 74%, P < .001). Despite non-binary patients having a lower median Injury Severity Score (5 vs 9 vs 9, P < .001), mortality was highest among non-binary and male patients than females (5% vs 5% vs 3%, P < .001).
Discussion: In this study, non-binary trauma patients were younger and more likely minority races/ethnicities than males or females. Despite having a lower injury severity, non-binary patient mortality rates were comparable to those of males and greater than for females. These disparities identify non-binary trauma patients as doubly marginalized, by gender and race/ethnicity, who experience worse outcomes after trauma than expected based on injury severity. This vulnerable patient population deserves further study to identify areas for improved trauma delivery care.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.