학술논문
Developing New Treatment Options for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Recurrent Disease.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Wang BR; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 41152, Taiwan.; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.; Chen YA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.; Kao WH; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.; Lai CH; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.; Lin H; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.; Hsieh JT; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Source
Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101691304 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2227-9059 (Print) Linking ISSN: 22279059 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomedicines Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2227-9059
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major diagnosed cancer among men globally, and about 20% of patients develop metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) in the initial diagnosis. PCa is a typical androgen-dependent disease; thus, hormonal therapy is commonly used as a standard care for mPCa by inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) activities, or androgen metabolism. Inevitably, almost all PCa will acquire resistance and become castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) that is associated with AR gene mutations or amplification, the presence of AR variants, loss of AR expression toward neuroendocrine phenotype, or other hormonal receptors. Treating CRPC poses a great challenge to clinicians. Research efforts in the last decade have come up with several new anti-androgen agents to prolong overall survival of CRPC patients. In addition, many potential targeting agents have been at the stage of being able to translate many preclinical discoveries into clinical practices. At this juncture, it is important to highlight the emerging strategies including small-molecule inhibitors to AR variants, DNA repair enzymes, cell survival pathway, neuroendocrine differentiation pathway, radiotherapy, CRPC-specific theranostics and immune therapy that are underway or have recently been completed.