학술논문
Effect of Viewing Conditions on Fixation Eye Movements and Eye Alignment in Amblyopia.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Murray J; Visual Neurosciences and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Gupta P; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Dulaney C; Visual Neurosciences and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Garg K; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Shaikh AG; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Ghasia FF; Visual Neurosciences and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.; Daroff-Dell'Osso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Source
Publisher: Association For Research In Vision And Ophthalmology (Arvo) Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7703701 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1552-5783 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01460404 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with amblyopia are known to have fixation instability, which arises from alteration of physiologic fixation eye movements (FEMs) and nystagmus. We assessed the effects of monocular, binocular, and dichoptic viewing on FEMs and eye alignment in patients with and without fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMN).
Methods: Thirty-four patients with amblyopia and seven healthy controls were recruited for this study. Eye movements were recorded using infrared video-oculography during (1) fellow eye viewing (FEV), (2) amblyopic eye viewing (AEV), (3) both eye viewing (BEV), and (4) dichoptic viewing (DcV) at varying fellow eye (FE) contrasts. The patients were classified per the clinical type of amblyopia and FEM waveforms into those without nystagmus, those with nystagmus with and without FMN. Fixational saccades and intersaccadic drifts, quick and slow phases of nystagmus, and bivariate contour ellipse area were analyzed in the FE and amblyopic eye (AE).
Results: We found that FEMs are differentially affected with increased amplitude of quick phases of FMN observed during AEV than BEV and during DcV at lower FE contrasts. Increased fixation instability was seen in anisometropic patients at lower FE contrasts. Incomitance of eye misalignment was seen with the greatest increase during FEV. Strabismic/mixed amblyopia patients without FMN were more likely to demonstrate a fixation switch where the AE attends to the target during DcV than patients with FMN.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FEM abnormalities modulate with different viewing conditions as used in various amblyopia therapies. Increased FEM abnormalities could affect the visual function deficits and may have treatment implications.
Methods: Thirty-four patients with amblyopia and seven healthy controls were recruited for this study. Eye movements were recorded using infrared video-oculography during (1) fellow eye viewing (FEV), (2) amblyopic eye viewing (AEV), (3) both eye viewing (BEV), and (4) dichoptic viewing (DcV) at varying fellow eye (FE) contrasts. The patients were classified per the clinical type of amblyopia and FEM waveforms into those without nystagmus, those with nystagmus with and without FMN. Fixational saccades and intersaccadic drifts, quick and slow phases of nystagmus, and bivariate contour ellipse area were analyzed in the FE and amblyopic eye (AE).
Results: We found that FEMs are differentially affected with increased amplitude of quick phases of FMN observed during AEV than BEV and during DcV at lower FE contrasts. Increased fixation instability was seen in anisometropic patients at lower FE contrasts. Incomitance of eye misalignment was seen with the greatest increase during FEV. Strabismic/mixed amblyopia patients without FMN were more likely to demonstrate a fixation switch where the AE attends to the target during DcV than patients with FMN.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that FEM abnormalities modulate with different viewing conditions as used in various amblyopia therapies. Increased FEM abnormalities could affect the visual function deficits and may have treatment implications.