학술논문

Evaluation of European-based polygenic risk score for breast cancer in Ashkenazi Jewish women in Israel.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Levi H; The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Carmi S; Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.; Rosset S; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Yerushalmi R; Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel.; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Zick A; Department of oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.; Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.; Yablonski-Peretz T; Department of oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.; Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.; Wang Q; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Bolla MK; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Dennis J; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Michailidou K; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Lush M; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Ahearn T; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Andrulis IL; Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Anton-Culver H; Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Antoniou AC; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Arndt V; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Augustinsson A; Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Auvinen P; Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.; Beane Freeman L; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Beckmann M; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Behrens S; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Bermisheva M; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.; Bodelon C; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Bogdanova NV; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hamburg, Germany.; N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus.; Bojesen SE; Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Brenner H; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.; Byers H; North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.; Camp N; Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt lake city, UT, USA.; Castelao J; Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.; Chang-Claude J; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Chirlaque MD; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.; Chung W; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.; Clarke C; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Collee MJ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Colonna S; Department of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt lake city, UT, USA.; Couch F; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Cox A; Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.; Cross SS; Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.; Czene K; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Daly M; Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Devilee P; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical, Leiden, Netherlands.; Dork T; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hamburg, Germany.; Dossus L; Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.; Eccles DM; Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; Eliassen AH; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Eriksson M; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Evans G; North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.; Fasching P; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.; Fletcher O; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.; Flyger H; Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.; Fritschi L; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Gabrielson M; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Gago-Dominguez M; Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; García-Closas M; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Garcia-Saenz JA; Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain, USA.; Genkinger J; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.; Giles GG; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.; Goldberg M; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QU, Canada.; Guénel P; Team 'Exposome and Heredity', CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France.; Hall P; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.; Hamann U; Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; He W; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Hillemanns P; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hamburg, Germany.; Hollestelle A; Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; Hoppe R; Dr Margarete Fischer Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.; University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.; Hopper J; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Jakovchevska S; Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Skopje, North Macedonia.; Jakubowska A; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; Jernström H; Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; John E; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Johnson N; The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.; Jones M; Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.; Vijai J; Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Kaaks R; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Khusnutdinova E; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.; Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia.; Kitahara C; Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Koutros S; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Kristensen V; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Kurian AW; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Lacey J; Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.; Lambrechts D; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.; Le Marchand L; Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.; Lejbkowicz F; Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.; Lindblom A; Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Loibl S; German Breast Group, GmbH, Neu Isenburg, Germany.; Lori A; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Lubinski J; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; Mannermaa A; Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Biobank of Eastern Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.; Manoochehri M; Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.; Mavroudis D; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.; Menon U; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College, London, UK.; Mulligan A; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Murphy R; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Nevelsteen I; Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.; Newman WG; North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.; Obi N; Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; O'Brien K; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.; Offit K; Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.; Olshan A; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Plaseska-Karanfilska D; Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Skopje, North Macedonia.; Olson J; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; Panico S; Dipertimento Di Medicina Clinca e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.; Park-Simon TW; Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hamburg, Germany.; Patel A; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Peterlongo P; Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM ETS - the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.; Rack B; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Radice P; Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy.; Rennert G; Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.; Rhenius V; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Romero A; Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.; Saloustros E; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.; Sandler D; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.; Schmidt MK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.; Schwentner L; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Shah M; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Sharma P; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA.; Simard J; Genomics Center, Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.; Southey M; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Stone J; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Tapper WJ; Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; Taylor J; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.; Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.; Teras L; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Toland AE; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Troester M; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Truong T; Team 'Exposome and Heredity', CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France.; van der Kolk LE; Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Weinberg C; Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.; Wendt C; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Yang XR; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Zheng W; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.; Ziogas A; Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Dunning AM; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Pharoah P; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA.; Easton DF; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Ben-Sachar S; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Ramat Gan, Israel.; Elefant N; Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Ramat Gan, Israel ranel@tauex.tau.ac.il rshamir@tau.ac.il naamael1@clalit.org.il.; Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.; Shamir R; The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ranel@tauex.tau.ac.il rshamir@tau.ac.il naamael1@clalit.org.il.; Elkon R; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ranel@tauex.tau.ac.il rshamir@tau.ac.il naamael1@clalit.org.il.
Source
Publisher: British Medical Association Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985087R Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-6244 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00222593 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Genet Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Background: Polygenic risk score (PRS), calculated based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs), can improve breast cancer (BC) risk assessment. To date, most BC GWASs have been performed in individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalisation of EUR-based PRS to other populations is a major challenge. In this study, we examined the performance of EUR-based BC PRS models in Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) women.
Methods: We generated PRSs based on data on EUR women from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We tested the performance of the PRSs in a cohort of 2161 AJ women from Israel (1437 cases and 724 controls) from BCAC (BCAC cohort from Israel (BCAC-IL)). In addition, we tested the performance of these EUR-based BC PRSs, as well as the established 313-SNP EUR BC PRS, in an independent cohort of 181 AJ women from Hadassah Medical Center (HMC) in Israel.
Results: In the BCAC-IL cohort, the highest OR per 1 SD was 1.56 (±0.09). The OR for AJ women at the top 10% of the PRS distribution compared with the middle quintile was 2.10 (±0.24). In the HMC cohort, the OR per 1 SD of the EUR-based PRS that performed best in the BCAC-IL cohort was 1.58±0.27. The OR per 1 SD of the commonly used 313-SNP BC PRS was 1.64 (±0.28).
Conclusions: Extant EUR GWAS data can be used for generating PRSs that identify AJ women with markedly elevated risk of BC and therefore hold promise for improving BC risk assessment in AJ women.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: BCAC conflict of interest: MWB conducts research funded by Amgen, Novartis and Pfizer. PAF conducts research funded by Amgen, Novartis and Pfizer. He received Honoraria from Roche, Novartis and Pfizer. JV is one ofthe inventors of diagnosis and treatment of ERCC3-mutant cancer. AWK has a research funding for his institution from Myriad Genetics for an unrelated project (funding dates 2017–2019). UM has research collaborations with Mercy BioAnalytics, RNA Guardian, Dana Farber and iLOF (Intelligent Lab on Fiber). RAM is a consultant for Pharmavite.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)