학술논문
Impact of Epstein Barr Virus Infection on Treatment Opportunities in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Perri F; Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Sabbatino F; Medical Oncology Department, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.; Ottaiano A; SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Department of Abdominal Oncology, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Fusco R; Medical Oncology Division, IGEA SPA, 41012 Naples, Italy.; Caraglia M; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.; Cascella M; Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, INT IRCCS Foundation G Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Longo F; Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery Surgery Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Rega RA; Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Salzano G; Maxillofacial Surgery Surgery Unit, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy.; Pontone M; Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Marciano ML; Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Piccirillo A; Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Montano M; Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; Fasano M; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.; Ciardiello F; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.; Della Vittoria Scarpati G; Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital Sir Apicella ASL NA3, Pollena Trocchia (Naples), 80040 Naples, Italy.; Ionna F; Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, INT IRCCS Foundation G Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
Source
Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101526829 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2072-6694 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20726694 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cancers (Basel) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
2072-6694
Abstract
Chemical, physical, and infectious agents may induce carcinogenesis, and in the latter case, viruses are involved in most cases. The occurrence of virus-induced carcinogenesis is a complex process caused by an interaction across multiple genes, mainly depending by the type of the virus. Molecular mechanisms at the basis of viral carcinogenesis, mainly suggest the involvement of a dysregulation of the cell cycle. Among the virus-inducing carcinogenesis, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) plays a major role in the development of both hematological and oncological malignancies and importantly, several lines of evidence demonstrated that nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is consistently associated with EBV infection. Cancerogenesis in NPC may be induced by the activation of different EBV "oncoproteins" which are produced during the so called "latency phase" of EBV in the host cells. Moreover, EBV presence in NPC does affect the tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to a strongly immunosuppressed status. Translational implications of the above-mentioned statements are that EBV-infected NPC cells can express proteins potentially recognized by immune cells in order to elicit a host immune response (tumor associated antigens). Three immunotherapeutic approaches have been implemented for the treatment of NPC including active, adoptive immunotherapy, and modulation of immune regulatory molecules by use of the so-called checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will highlight the role of EBV infection in NPC development and analyze its possible implications on therapy strategies.