부산대학교 도서관

Summary: The epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae has long been linked to environmental factors, while Campylobacter jejuni is commonly regarded as a food-borne pathogen. Here we demonstrate how modern techniques, such as satellite remote sensing and geographic information systems, can be used to further quantify the relationship of V. cholerae to its environment and to establish that C. jejuni is also linked to environmental factors. This multidisciplinary approach to ecological modeling can provide useful insights with public health applications. In Chesapeake Bay, Vibrio cholerae was monitored monthly between 1998 and 2000. V. cholerae was detected more frequently during warmer months and in the Northern Chesapeake Bay where salinity is lower. Temperatures above 19°C or salinities between 2 and 14 parts per thousand yielded at least a four-fold increase in detectable V. cholerae . This study suggests that variation in salinity or other parameters associated with Susquehanna River inflow to the Chesapeake Bay contributed to variability in the occurrence of V. cholerae in this aquatic ecosystem. In Mexico, cholera incidence was recorded by state between 1991 and 1999, a time period corresponding to cholera resurgence. Similar to findings for V. cholerae detection in Chesapeake Bay, cholera incidence in Mexico was also found to be associated with season and climate. Mexican states receiving less than 400 mm of rain annually did not experience high cholera incidence. Furthermore, cholera was more prevalent in poorer, less developed geographical areas. Within these high-risk areas, higher incidence was observed when temperature rose above 25°C. A forecasting model was developed which successfully predicted occurrence of cholera incidence. In England and Wales, confirmed cases of C. jejuni and C. coli were recorded between 1989 and 1999 by the national Health Authority. The data displayed a strongly seasonal pattern, with one large peak in late spring (May, June). Regional differences were clearly observed, with Wales and the southwest experiencing higher incidence and greater seasonality than the southeast and London. Temperature correlated with increased Campylobacter rates (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). The results suggest that Campylobacter species derive from environmental sources and public health intervention should not be restricted to food-borne approaches.