학술논문
Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz.
Document Type
Article
Author
Keele, Brandon F.; Jones, James Holland; Terio, Karen A.; Estes, Jacob D.; Rudicell, Rebecca S.; Wilson, Michael L.; Yingying Li; Learn, Gerald H.; Beasley, T. Mark; Schumacher-Stankey, Joann; Wroblewski, Emily; Mosser, Anna; Raphael, Jane; Kamenya, Shadrack; Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V.; Travis, Dominic A.; Mlengeya, Titus; Kinsel, Michael J.; Else, James G.; Silvestri, Guido
Source
Subject
*AIDS
*HIV infections
*IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
*IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
*T cells
*MORTALITY
*CHIMPANZEES as laboratory animals
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Language
ISSN
0028-0836
Abstract
African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant CD4+ T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female, who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS. These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is associated with progressive CD4+ T-cell loss, lymphatic tissue destruction and premature death. These findings challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]