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Another important PD hallmark, Lewy body (LB) pathology, which appears in 77% to 95% PD patients accordingtodifferentstudies[ 3,4],iscommonly illustrated by phosphorylatedserine129 -synuclein (PSer129 S) immunostaining. BRIEFCOMMUNICATION National Science Review 8:nwaa292,2021 doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa292 Advanceaccesspublication10December2020 NEUROSCIENCE A cynomolgus monkey with naturally occurring Parkinson's disease HaoLi 1,†,Ling-YanSu 1,†,LixinYang 2,11,†,MinLi 2,†,QianjinLiu 1,3,†,ZhenhuiLi 1,3,†,YanHu 2,3, HongweiLi 1,ShihaoWu 1,5,WenchaoWang 1,YingzhouHu 1,ZhengboWang 1,JoshuaD.Rizak 1, BaihuiHuang 1,MinXu 1,3,JingWu 1,Long-BaoLv 6,ChristophW.Turck 1,7,*,YongYin 8,*, Yong-GangYao 1,3,4,6,9,*,BingSu 2,6,10,* andXintianHu 1,4,6,* Evidence for the existence of monkeys with spontaneous Parkinson's disease (PD) has been lacking. Collectively, four lines of evidence, including typical PD clinical symptoms, pharmacological responses, pathology hallmarks and genetic mutations, stronglysuggestedthatwehadidentified acynomolgusmonkeywithspontaneous PD. (C) The total PD score of the monkey was reduced significantly from 17.7 to 9.3 after a classic PD drug L-dopa treatment, indicating a significant positive response to the treatment. [Extracted from the article]