학술논문
SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the First and Second Pandemic Waves in Spain: the ENE–COVID Study.
Document Type
Article
Author
Pérez-Gómez, Beatriz; Pastor-Barriuso, Roberto; Fernández-de-Larrea, Nerea; Hernán, Miguel A.; Pérez-Olmeda, Mayte; Oteo-Iglesias, Jesús; Fernández-Navarro, Pablo; Fernández-García, Aurora; Martín, Mariano; Cruz, Israel; Sanmartín, José L.; León-Paniagua, José; Muñoz-Montalvo, Juan F.; Blanco, Faustino; Yotti, Raquel; Pollán, Marina
Source
Subject
*RESEARCH
*SEROPREVALENCE
*COVID-19
*CONFIDENCE intervals
*POINT-of-care testing
*SURVEYS
*SOCIOECONOMIC factors
*QUESTIONNAIRES
*RESEARCH funding
*STATISTICAL sampling
*COVID-19 pandemic
*LONGITUDINAL method
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Language
ISSN
0090-0036
Abstract
Objectives. To describe participant characteristics associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Spain's first 2 COVID-19 waves per the Spanish National Seroepidemiological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (ENE–COVID). Methods. A representative cohort of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population, selected through stratified 2-stage sampling, answered a questionnaire and received point-of-care testing April to June 2020 (first wave: n = 68 287); previously seronegative participants repeated the questionnaire and test November 2020 (second wave: n = 44 451). We estimated seropositivity by wave and participant characteristics, accounting for sampling weights, nonresponse, and design effects. Results. We found that 6.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7%, 6.4%) of Spain's population was infected by June and 3.8% (95% CI = 3.5%, 4.1%) more by November 2020. Both genders were equally affected. Seroprevalence decreased with age in adults 20 years and older in the second wave; socioeconomic differences increased. Health care workers were affected at 11.1% (95% CI = 9.0%, 13.6%) and 6.1% (95% CI = 4.4%, 8.5%) in the first and second waves, respectively. Living with an infected person increased infection risk to 22.1% (95% CI = 18.9%, 25.6%) in the first and 35.0% (95% CI = 30.8%, 39.4%) in the second wave. Conclusions. ENE–COVID characterized the first 2 pandemic waves, when information from surveillance systems was incomplete. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(5):533–544. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307233) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]