부산대학교 도서관

Data in Figure 1 and Figure 2 show that all concentrations of EMs had significant effects on the tested biological aspects of I S. littoralis i , fecundity (F5,12 = 3243.87, I p i < 0.01), egg hatchability (F5,12 = 198.22, I p i < 0.01), larvae viability (F5,12 = 1966.51, I p i < 0.01), larvae mortality (F5,12 = 251.89, I p i < 0.01), and male (F5,12 = 271.51, I p i < 0.01) and female (F5,12 = 120.94, I p i < 0.01) longevity of I S. littoralis i . Additionally, there were large differences in the weight (F5,12 = 36.37, I p i < 0.01), normal percentages (F5,12 = 3517.96, I p i < 0.01), malformed percentages (F5,12 = 677.88, I p i < 0.01), and duration (F5,12 = 389.55, I p i < 0.01) of the I S. littoralis i larvae treated with different concentrations of EMs. Some previous studies evaluated the insecticidal activity of biocontrol agent EMs against I Pectinophora gossypiella i [[30]], I S. littorals i [[21]], and I Earias insulana i [[31]] and as an acaricide against I Tetranychus urticae i [[32]], and they found that EMs had significant effects on the tested pests. Table 5 Carbohydrates enzymes activities, total protein, and total lipid contents in 4th instar larval I S. littoralis i treated by the serial concentration of EMs. [Extracted from the article]