부산대학교 도서관

Fundamental relationships exist between cloud and precipitation development and their dynamic processes. Latent heat released by cloud/precipitation formation affects cloud vertical motions, which in turn affect convective cloud development. Here, a cloud‐resolving model is used to relate cloud properties and latent heating with cloud drafts using 15‐day simulations for an oceanic and continental environment. The results show condensation, deposition, and freezing occur mainly in moderate (3–5 m s−1) to strong (>10 m s−1) updrafts, evaporation and sublimation mainly in weak (1–2 m s−1) to moderate downdrafts, and melting in moderate updrafts and downdrafts. Active updrafts cover only a small percentage of the model domain but contribute significantly to the latent heat release and are associated with large proportions of the hydrometeors. Active updrafts with vertical velocities exceeding 1 and 2 m s−1 account for more than 75% and 50%, respectively, of the condensation, deposition, and freezing in both the oceanic and continental cases. However, active downdrafts with vertical velocity magnitudes exceeding |1 m s−1| account for less than 40% and 25%, respectively, of the evaporation and sublimation. More evaporation and sublimation than condensation and deposition occur in the inactive cloud regions. Sensitivity tests are also conducted to assess the impact of model grid spacing (1,000 m vs. 250 m) and microphysical schemes (3 ice classes vs. 4 ice classes) on latent heat release and hydrometeor amount. The results show that model resolution had more impact than the microphysics on the simulated cloud properties in both cases. Plain Language Summary: Long‐term, 2D Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model simulations for one tropical oceanic (Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation) and one tropical continental (Green Ocean Amazon Experiment) case were conducted to examine the relationship between latent heating (LH) processes and cloud properties (hydrometeors) with respect to the vertical velocity. The model simulated a population of different types of clouds and convective systems over their respective life cycles in both cases. The simulated LH processes and cloud properties were then separated into convective and stratiform regions, as well as active and inactive cloud regimes. The results show that almost all condensation, deposition, and freezing occur in the upward motion region while evaporation and sublimation mainly are in the downward motion region. Melting can occur in both updraft and downdraft regions. The results also indicate that active updrafts cover only a small area (a few percent) of the model domain where the most condensation and freezing occur. But more evaporation and sublimation occur in the inactive downdraft regions. Sensitivity tests show that the model resolution (250 and 1,000 m) had more impact than the microphysical scheme (3 classes of ice vs. 4 classes ice) on the simulated cloud properties in both cases. Key Points: Two‐dimensional cloud‐resolving model simulations show that storm dynamics and cloud microphysics are strongly coupledCondensation, deposition, and freezing concentrate mainly in moderate to strong updrafts, which occupy a small area of the model domainEvaporation and sublimation process occur in weak to moderate downdrafts over a more extensive area [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]