학술논문
Household Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 From Adult Index Cases With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa, 2020–2021: A Case-Ascertained, Prospective, Observational Household Transmission Study.
Document Type
Article
Author
Kleynhans, Jackie; Walaza, Sibongile; Martinson, Neil A; Neti, Mzimasi; Gottberg, Anne von; Bhiman, Jinal N; Toi, Dylan; Amoako, Daniel G; Buys, Amelia; Ndlangisa, Kedibone; Wolter, Nicole; Genade, Leisha; Maloma, Lucia; Chewparsad, Juanita; Lebina, Limakatso; Gouveia, Linda de; Kotane, Retshidisitswe; Tempia, Stefano; Cohen, Cheryl
Source
Subject
*HOME environment
*SARS-CoV-2
*SCIENTIFIC observation
*COVID-19
*CONFIDENCE intervals
*VIRAL load
*RISK assessment
*INFECTIOUS disease transmission
*DESCRIPTIVE statistics
*RESEARCH funding
*T cells
*ODDS ratio
*HIV
*LONGITUDINAL method
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Language
ISSN
1058-4838
Abstract
Background In South Africa, 19% of adults are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; LWH). Few data on the influence of HIV on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household transmission are available. Methods We performed a case-ascertained, prospective household transmission study of symptomatic adult index SARS-CoV-2 cases LWH and not living with HIV (NLWH) and their contacts from October 2020 to September 2021. Households were followed up 3 times a week for 6 weeks to collect nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing. We estimated household cumulative infection risk (HCIR) and duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity (at a cycle threshold value <30 as proxy for high viral load). Results HCIR was 59% (220 of 373), not differing by index HIV status (60% LWH vs 58% NLWH). HCIR increased with index case age (35–59 years: adjusted OR [aOR], 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.8 and ≥60 years: aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0–10.1) compared with 18–34 years and with contacts' age, 13–17 years (aOR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.5–33.9) and 18–34 years (aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.0–18.4) compared with <5 years. Mean positivity was longer in cases LWH (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.4; 95% CI,.1–.9). Conclusions Index HIV status was not associated with higher HCIR, but cases LWH had longer positivity duration. Adults aged >35 years were more likely to transmit and individuals aged 13–34 to be infected SARS-CoV-2 in the household. As HIV infection may increase transmission, health services must maintain HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]