부산대학교 도서관

Numerous diseases such as heart failure, ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death are one of the most common reasons of increased morbidity and mortality in CKD through all stages. In view of such devastating epidemiology prediction of CV morbidity and mortality in the population especially those with creatinine clearance (e GFR) below 60 ml/min/1.73m², is becoming more and more important. Old, biomarkers such as troponin and braine natriuretic peptides and novel superfamilies of membrane receptors and their ligands, among which we single out Soluble ST2 (sST2) and Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) as markers that were examined in groups of patients with CKD. The body's defense against increased oxidative stress passes through several lines of defense, and in the first line are enzymes and enzyme systems than "collectors" of pro-oxidants de novo enzymes who are responsible for repairing and eliminating the damage caused by free oxygen radicals. Considering the importance of inflammation as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, a large number of studies examined a different biomarkers that were shown to be indicators of inflammation including adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, Creactive protein and tumor necrosis factor. There is an increasing number of investigated biomarkers of acute kidney injury, which have even been examined in terms of predicting the progression of CKD and the occurrence of CV events. A lot of research studies have examined the impact of a large number of different miRNAs on the increase in CV morbidity and mortality in the population of CKD patients. Despite the great possibilities and far more modern applied diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, there is still a very high general and CV morbidity and mortality in the population of CKD patients, which is partly a consequence of the lack of application of newer CV biomarkers for prognosis and early prediction of events. Insufficiently defined newer cut of values regarding the application of classic, old biomarkers need attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]