부산대학교 도서관

The protozoa of the Family Trypanosomatidae (Class: Kinetoplastida) are parasites of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The family includes 25 genera (20 monoxenes and 5 heteroxenes, including Trypanosoma and Leishmania), which can be transmitted by vectors of the orders Diptera (Families Corethrellidae, Culicidae and Psychodidae), Hemiptera (family Reduviidae) and Arhynchobdellida (leeches). In anurans, approximately 60 species of trypanosomatids of the genus Trypanosoma are reported, forming an aquatic clade, which are evolutionarily important because they are considered the link between the trypanosomes of aquatic and terrestrial hosts. In reptiles, trypanosomatids of the genus Leishmania, subgenera Sauroleishmania ("lizard Leishmania") and Leishmania (L. donovani and L. tropica) are reported in Africa, Asia, and Europe. Of the genus Trypanosoma, the parasite T. cruzi is reported. In the American continent there are records of L. (S.) henrici in reptile species introduced from the Old World. The parasite T. cruzi was reported in the following reptile species in Chile: Microlophus atacamensis, Liolaemus sp. and Gartthia gaudichaudii. Phlebotomine sandflies of the subtribe Sergentomyiina, genera Deanemyia and Mycropigomyia are vectors of these parasites in reptiles. In spite of the great diversity of species of these parasites in these vertebrates, and in their vectors, they have been little studied, because they have no importance in human or veterinary medicine. The objective of this work is to know the diversity of trypanosomatids of anurans and reptiles and their insect vectors (dipterans) in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes in Brazil. The work is being carried out in the municipalities of Pacoti and Guaramiranga, Cear'a (Atlantic Forest biome), and in Presidente Figueredo and Urucurituba (Amazon biome). The capture methodology applied was time constrained audiovisual search (TAVS). The sampling was performed in the morning and at night. The collected animals were sacrificed following the ethical norms for the use of animals, through anesthesia protocols. Liver, spleen and blood samples were taken (filter paper, and for parasite isolation in NNN/LIT (Novy-MazNeal-Nicolle/Liver infusion Tryptose) biphasic culture medium, supplemented with 10% SFB). Blood smears were also analyzed for morphological identification of the parasites. DNA was extracted from the tissues and PCR will be done with specific primers for the Trypanosomatidae family. The amplicons corresponding to Trypanosomatidae will be purified and sequenced using the BigDye Terminator v3.1 kit in an ABI 3730. Hematophagous insects were captured with CDC traps modified with sound boxes, stored in absolute ethanol, identified using dichotomous keys, and DNA was extracted to identify the presence of parasites and the source of blood feeding, with specific markers. Samples were collected from 48 anurans and 23 reptiles (N = 71) of the following species: Anurans: Pristimantis relictus, P. streldidialis, Leptodactylus mystaceus, Scinax tropicalia, Rhinella dapsilis, Scinax sp., Trachycephalus typhonius, Scinax scihalus, Dendropsophus tapacurensis, Rhinella crucifer, Boana raniceps. Reptiles: Anolis sp., Polychrus marmoratus, Lachesis mutans, Leposternon polystegum, Apostolepis cearensis, Enyalius broniati, Coleodactylus meridionalis, Enyalius bibronii, Norops fuscoauratus, Copeoglossum nigropunctatum. Parasite identification in vertebrate blood smears, liver DNA extraction and PCR for parasite detection using oligonucleotides of SSUrRNA and gGAPDH genes are currently underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]