부산대학교 도서관

Routine exercise leads to cardiovascular adaptations that differ based on sex. Use of cardiac testing to screen athletes has driven research to define how these sex-based adaptations manifest on the electrocardiogram and cardiac imaging. Importantly, sex-based differences in cardiovascular structure and outcomes in athletes often parallel findings in the general population, underscoring the importance of understanding their mechanisms. Substantial gaps exist in the understanding of why cardiovascular adaptations and outcomes related to exercise differ by sex because of underrepresentation of female participants in research. As female sports participation rates have increased dramatically over several decades, it also remains unknown if differences observed in older athletes reflect biological mechanisms vs less lifetime access to sports in females. In this review, we will assess the effect of sex on cardiovascular adaptations and outcomes related to exercise, identify the impact of sex hormones on exercise performance, and highlight key areas for future research. [Display omitted] • Exercise performance, cardiac adaptation, and outcomes of exercise differ based on sex. • Female sex appears protective against exercise-associated coronary artery calcification, myocardial fibrosis, atrial fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death. • Greater representation of females in research will improve understanding of the causes of sex-based differences in the effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]