학술논문
Multinutrient-Fortified Juices Improve Vitamin D and Vitamin E Status in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Document Type
Article
Author
Source
Subject
*ENRICHED foods
*ANALYSIS of variance
*ASIANS
*BLACK people
*CALCIUM
*CHI-squared test
*CHILDREN'S health
*CHILD nutrition
*CLINICAL trials
*CONFIDENCE intervals
*STATISTICAL correlation
*FRUIT juices
*GRAPHIC arts
*HISPANIC Americans
*LONGITUDINAL method
*MULTIVARIATE analysis
*HEALTH outcome assessment
*PARATHYROID hormone
*RESEARCH funding
*RETINOIDS
*STATISTICAL sampling
*T-test (Statistics)
*VITAMIN A
*VITAMIN D
*VITAMIN E
*WHITE people
*STATISTICAL power analysis
*BODY mass index
*RANDOMIZED controlled trials
*TREATMENT effectiveness
*PRE-tests & post-tests
*REPEATED measures design
*BLIND experiment
*DATA analysis software
*DESCRIPTIVE statistics
*CHILDREN
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Language
ISSN
2212-2672
Abstract
Background Provision of fortified juices may provide a convenient method to maintain and increase blood fat-soluble vitamins. Objective To determine whether children consuming orange juice fortified with calcium and combinations of vitamins D, E, and A could increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], α-tocopherol, and retinol levels. Design A 12-week randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Participants/setting One hundred eighty participants (aged 8.04±1.42 years) were recruited at Tufts (n=70) and Boston University (n=110) during 2005-2006. Of those recruited, 176 children were randomized into three groups: CaD (700 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D), CaDEA (700 mg calcium+200 III vitamin D+12 IU vitamin E+2,000 IU vitamin A as beta carotene), or Ca (700 mg calcium). Children consumed two 240-mL glasses of CaD, CaDEA, or Ca fortified orange juice daily for 12 weeks. Main outcome measures Serum 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, and retinol concentrations. Statistical analyses Changes in 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, retinol, and parathyroid hormone concentrations were examined. Covariates included sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and baseline 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, retinol, or parathyroid hormone levels. Multivariate models and repeated measures analysis of variance tested for group differences with pre-post measures (n=141). Results Baseline 25(OH)D was 68.4±27.7 nmol/L (27.4±11.10 ng/mL)), with 21.7% of participants having inadequate 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L [20.03 ng/mL]). The CaD group's 25(OH)D increase was greater than that of the Ca group (12.7 nmol/L [5.09 ng/mL], 95% CI 1.3 to 24.1; P=0.029). The CaDEA group's increase in a-tocopherol concentration was greater than that in the Ca or CaD groups (3.79 µmol/L [0.16 µg/mL], 95% CI 2.5 to 5.1 and 3.09 (µmol/L [0.13 µg/mL], 95% C -1.8 to 4.3), respectively (P<0.0001). Retinol levels did not change, and body weight remained as expected for growth. Conclusions Daily consumption of orange juice providing 200 IU vitamin D and 12 IU vitamin E increased 25(OH)D and a-tocopherol concentrations in young children within 12 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]