학술논문
Microbial contamination and quantitative microbial risk assessment of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film sachet drinking water in Ghana.
Document Type
Article
Source
Subject
*HIGH density polyethylene
*MICROBIAL contamination
*CONTAMINATION of drinking water
*DRINKING water
*ESCHERICHIA coli
*RISK assessment
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Language
ISSN
1477-8920
Abstract
The present research estimated the impact of storage on the microbial quality of high-density polyethylene drinking water. Samples were taken from two popular companies in Greater Accra using a two-sided exact test in SAS JMP to estimate the sample size. The samples were stored across three temperature profiles at 8 °C, 30 °C (average room temperature), and 40 °C (average outdoor temperature) for 28 days. The samples were examined using standard microbiological methods for heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs), faecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The data were described and regressed with Microsoft Excel, Argo 4.3.1, and SAS JMP software. The results demonstrated increasing deterioration of the water samples for all microbial indices at all temperatures with increasing storage duration. The highest HPC, faecal coliforms, and E. coli were 1,312; 622; and 252 cfu/100 mL, respectively, all at 40 °C. The daily risk of infection due to E. coli O157:H7 was 5.22x10-5 infections per child per day for children under 5 years, and 1.6x10-4 attacks per adult per day, compared to the upper limit of 1.0x10-6. These results are higher than recommended exposures, and interventions along the sachet drinking water value chain are needed to protect public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]