부산대학교 도서관

In this review, we aim to summarize available data on vitamin D in neonates critically. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble, steroid hormone with pleiotrophic effects not only on bone metabolism but also on optimal functioning of many organ systems. Deficiency is considered when 25-hydroxyvitamin D value is <20 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem that prevales even in developed countries. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to multiple disease states. It may infuence obstetrical complications as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth, low-birth weight and cesarean section. Long-term outcomes in the offspring including asthma, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, abnormal neurocognitive outcome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance can occur with vitamin D deficiency. Trials are needed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation and its dosage during pregnancy and lactation on clinical outcomes. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 400 IU/day of supplemental vitamin D for breastfed infants from the 1st day of life. Preterm infants born <32 weeks are at a greater risk to develop vitamin D deficiency. The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition has recommended higher intakes of vitamin D of 800-1000 IU/day for preterm infants. However, studies are needed to evaluate the dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation to preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]