학술논문
'학술논문'
에서 검색결과 12건 | 목록
1~10
Academic Journal
Ahopelto, Kaisa; Aoki, Yoshitaka; Beilmann-Lehtonen, Ines; Blanker, Marco H.; Craigie, Samantha; Elberkennou, Jaana; Garcia-Perdomo, Herney A.; Gomaa, Huda A.; Gross, BCPS; Peter; Hajebrahimi, Sakineh; Huang, Linglong; Karanicolas, Paul J.; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas P.; Kivelä, Antti J.; Korhonen, Tapio; Lampela, Hanna; Lee, Yung; Mattila, Anne K.; Najafabadi, Borna Tadayon; Nykänen, Taina P.; Nystén, Carolina; Pandanaboyana, Sanjay; Ratnayake, Chathura B.B.; Raudasoja, Aleksi R.; Sallinen, Ville J.; Violette, Philippe D.; Xiao, Yingqi; Yao, Liang; Lavikainen, Lauri I.; Guyatt, Gordon H.; Kalliala, Ilkka E.J.; Cartwright, Rufus; Luomaranta, Anna L.; Vernooij, Robin W.M.; Tähtinen, Riikka M.; Tadayon Najafabadi, Borna; Singh, Tino; Pourjamal, Negar; Oksjoki, Sanna M.; Khamani, Nadina; Karjalainen, Päivi K.; Joronen, Kirsi M.; Izett-Kay, Matthew L.; Haukka, Jari; Halme, Alex L.E.; Ge, Fang Zhou; Galambosi, Päivi J.; Devereaux, P.J.; Cárdenas, Jovita L.; Couban, Rachel J.; Aro, Karoliina M.; Aaltonen, Riikka L.; Tikkinen, Kari A.O.
In American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology April 2024 230(4):390-402
Academic Journal
Ahopelto, Kaisa; Aoki, Yoshitaka; Beilmann-Lehtonen, Ines; Blanker, Marco H.; Craigie, Samantha; Elberkennou, Jaana; Garcia-Perdomo, Herney A.; Gomaa, Huda A.; Gross, Peter; Hajebrahimi, Sakineh; Karanicolas, Paul J.; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas P.; Kivelä, Antti J.; Korhonen, Tapio; Lampela, Hanna; Lee, Yung; Mattila, Anne K.; Najafabadi, Borna Tadayon; Nykänen, Taina P.; Nystén, Carolina; Pandanaboyana, Sanjay; Ratnayake, Chathura B.B.; Raudasoja, Aleksi R.; Sallinen, Ville J.; Violette, Philippe D.; Xiao, Yingqi; Yao, Liang; Lavikainen, Lauri I.; Guyatt, Gordon H.; Luomaranta, Anna L.; Cartwright, Rufus; Kalliala, Ilkka E.J.; Couban, Rachel J.; Aaltonen, Riikka L.; Aro, Karoliina M.; Cárdenas, Jovita L.; Devereaux, P.J.; Galambosi, Päivi J.; Ge, Fang Zhou; Halme, Alex L.E.; Haukka, Jari; Izett-Kay, Matthew L.; Joronen, Kirsi M.; Karjalainen, Päivi K.; Khamani, Nadina; Oksjoki, Sanna M.; Pourjamal, Negar; Singh, Tino; Tähtinen, Riikka M.; Vernooij, Robin W.M.; Tikkinen, Kari A.O.
In American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology April 2024 230(4):403-416
Academic Journal
Ferrer, R.; Blanco, J.; Artigas, A.; Martínez, M.L.; Gomà, G.; Suárez, D.; Álvarez-Rocha, L.; de la Torre, M.V.; González, G.; Zaragoza, R.; Borges, M.; Herrejón, E.P.; del Mar Cruz, M.; Barbadillo, S.; Fernández, F.; Rilo, M.T.R.; Rocha, L.A.; Bartolomé, B.J.; Delgado, J.D.J.; Ule, D.C.; Berro, A.M.D.; Domínguez, F.J.D.; Casas, J.M.; Santos, C.L.; García-Montesinos, M.; Poma, E.M.; Cortés, P.V.; Barrio, M.M.; Pueyo, M.J.L.; Cambra, M.J.L.; Torrabadella, P.; Salcedo, A.; Durán, C.; Seijas, I.; Gómez, T.R.; Arenzana, A.; Azkarate, I.; Bolaño, S.R.; García, P.O.; Violán, J.S.; Aguilar, G.A.; Rencinas, A.R.; Pérez, M.P.; Losada, E.P.; Sagasti, F.M.; Allut, J.L.G.; Gutiérrez, F.D.; Gandía, F.; Amador, A.F.; Pinto, R.V.; Trivez, P.M.; Vázquez, N.G.; Zapata, L.; Vera, P.; Antón, E.; Yébenes, J.C.; Arias, M.O.C.; delgado, F.G.; Rosón, J.F.; Rodríguez, J.P.; Álvarez, M.; Lerma, P.A.; Valenzuela, F.; de la Cruz, P.A.; Gómez-Casero, R.B.; Heredia, M.S.; Olaechea, P.; Sañudo, C.; Rubio, J.M.G.; Valero, R.R.; Abdel-Hadi Álvarez, H.; Feo, L.F.; Garro, P.; Pellejero, F.N.; Alonso, A.E.T.; Catalán, R.; Rovira, A.; Rico, N.; Gallego, J.M.A.; Alonso, J.C.; Ocaña, D.; Ordóñez, J.M.; Mota, M.S.; Herrera, M.J.T.; Dorado, P.; Azcona, A.L.; Mendoza, D.; Prieto, F.; Martín, M.C.R.; Rota, J.I.A.; Piacentini, E.; Sirvent, J.M.; Murcia, C.; Rognoni, G.; Gonzalo, J.A.; Ruiz, D.P.; Díez, N.B.; Antuña, J.I.A.; Ramos, L.L.; Yáñez, H.; Loza, A.; Suberbiola, B.; de la Cuesta Martín, D.R.; Velasco, M.M.M.; Moreno, A.P.; López, R.L.; Pozo, J.C.; Lomas, L.T.; Muriel, A.; Berezo, J.A.; Ramírez, P.; Monleón, M.A.C.; Rodríguez, J.C.R.; Caballero, J.; Ruiz, A.; García, A.; Riera, J.; Sarrapio, J.; Sanpedro, F.; Martin, J.C.; Acero, T.; Caballero, A.C.; Díaz, S.M.C.; Ordóñez, B.M.; Montero, J.G.; García, B.B.; González-Díaz, G.; Carrillo, A.; García, P.J.D.; García, R.J.; Simón, A.; Allué, J.C.T.; Abad, R.D.; Gobernado, M.; Gómez, F.G.; Pérez, J.C.; Andrés, F.B.; Munguira, E.B.; Tuero, G.; Parejo, J.F.O.; Soto, M.; Chinesta, S.S.; González, C.F.; Castellano, M.; Bonell, J.M.; Porcar, M.J.B.; Bacelar, N.; Cremades, I.; Valdivia, M.; Galdós, P.
In: Critical Care . (Critical Care, 22 June 2018, 22(1))
Academic Journal
Walker, A.N.; Ayala, M.A.; Mondal, S.; Bergagnini, M.C.; Bui, P.J.D.; Chidester, S.N.; Doeden, C.I.; Esjornson, L.; Sweany, B.R.; Garcia, L.; Hubin, T.J.; Krause, J.A.; Oliver, A.G.; Prior, T.J.
In: Molecules . (Molecules, January 2023, 28(2))
Academic Journal
In: Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom) . (Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom), 1 June 2021, 43(2):E279-E280)
Academic Journal
In: Trauma . (Trauma, 2008, 19(SUPPL. 1):76-81)
Academic Journal
Sprague S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Slobogean G; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Wells JL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; O'Hara NN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Thabane L; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Mullins CD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Harris AD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Wood A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Viskontas D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Apostle KL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; O'Toole RV; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Joshi M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Johal H; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Al-Asiri J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Hymes RA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Gaski GE; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Pilson HT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Carroll EA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Babcock S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Halvorson JJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Romeo NM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Matson CA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Higgins TF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Marchand LS; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Bergin PF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Morellato J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Van Demark RE 3rd; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Potter GD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Gitajn IL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Chang G; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Phelps KD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Kempton LB; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Karunakar M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Jaeblon T; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Demyanovich HK; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Domes CM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Kuhn GR; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Reilly RM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Gage MJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Weaver MJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; von Keudell AG; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Heng M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; McTague MF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Alnasser A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Mehta S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Donegan DJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Natoli RM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Szatkowski J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Scott AN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Shannon SF; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Jeray KJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Tanner SL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Marmor MT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Matityahu A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Fowler JT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Pierrie SN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Beltran MJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Thomson CG; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Lin CA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Moon CN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Scolaro JA; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Amirhekmat A; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Leonard J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Pogorzelski D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Bzovsky S; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Heels-Ansdell D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Szasz OP; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Gallant JL; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Della Rocca GJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Zura RD; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Hebden JN; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Patterson JT; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Lee C; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; O'Hara LM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Marvel D; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Palmer JE; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Friedrich J; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; D'Alleyrand JG; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Rivera JC; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Mossuto F; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Schrank GM; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Guyatt G; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Devereaux PJ; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).; Bhandari M; From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (S.S., H.J., J.A.-A., J.L., D.P., S. Bzovsky, O.P.S., J.L.G., M.B.), and the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (L.T., D.H.-A., G.G.), McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Hospital, General Site (F.M.), and the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D.), Hamilton, ON, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (D.V., K.L.A.) - all in Canada; the Center for Orthopedic Injury Research and Innovation, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine (G.S., N.N.O.), and the Division of Infectious Diseases (M.J.) and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics (G.S., M.J.G., R.V.O.), R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, the Trauma Survivors Network (J.L.W.) and Patient Representative (D.M., J.E.P., J.F.), University of Maryland Baltimore, the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (C.D.M.), the Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.D.H., J.N.H., L.M.O.) and of Medicine (G.M.S.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and the Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland Capital Region Health, Largo (T.J., H.K.D.) - all in Maryland; the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, Denver (A.W.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Fairfax, VA (R.A.H., G.E.G.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem (H.T.P., E.A.C., S. Babcock, J.J.H.), the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Atrium Health, Charlotte (K.D.P., L.B.K., M.K.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham (R.M.R.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland (N.M.R., C.A.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (T.F.H., L.S.M.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (P.F.B., J.M.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanford Health USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, SD (R.E.V.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Northwest Texas Healthcare System, Amarillo (G.D.P.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (I.L.G., G.C.); the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison (C.M.D., G.R.K.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (M.J.W., A.G.K.), Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.F.M.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School (A. Alnasser) - all in Boston; the Department of Orthopedics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (M.H.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M., D.J.D.); the Division of Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (R.M.N., J.S.); Bryan Health, Lincoln, NE (A.N.S., S.F.S.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Prisma Health-Upstate, Greenville, SC (K.J.J., S.L.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (M.T.M., A.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (C.A.L., C.N.M.), the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.T.P.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA (C.L.), Los Angeles, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine (J.A.S., A. Amirhekmat) - all in California; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center (J.T.F., J.C.R.), and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center (S.N.P.) - both in Fort Sam Houston, TX; the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (M.J.B.); the Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI (C.G.T.); the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia (G.J.D.R.); Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Orthopedics New Orleans, New Orleans (R.D.Z.); and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany (J.-C.G.D.).
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Devereaux PJ; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Marcucci M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Painter TW; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Conen D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Lomivorotov V; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Sessler DI; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Chan MTV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Borges FK; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Martínez-Zapata MJ; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wang CY; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Xavier D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Ofori SN; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wang MK; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Efremov S; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Landoni G; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Kleinlugtenbelt YV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Szczeklik W; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Schmartz D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Garg AX; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Short TG; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wittmann M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Meyhoff CS; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Amir M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Torres D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Patel A; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Duceppe E; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Ruetzler K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Parlow JL; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Tandon V; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Fleischmann E; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Polanczyk CA; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Lamy A; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Astrakov SV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Rao M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Wu WKK; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Bhatt K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; de Nadal M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Likhvantsev VV; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Paniagua P; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Aguado HJ; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Whitlock RP; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; McGillion MH; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Prystajecky M; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Vincent J; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Eikelboom J; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Copland I; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Balasubramanian K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Turan A; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Bangdiwala SI; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Stillo D; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Gross PL; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Cafaro T; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Alfonsi P; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Roshanov PS; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Belley-Côté EP; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Spence J; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Richards T; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; VanHelder T; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; McIntyre W; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Guyatt G; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Yusuf S; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).; Leslie K; From the Population Health Research Institute (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., J.E., I.C., K. Balasubramanian, S.I.B., D. Stillo, T.C., P.S.R., E.P.B.-C., J.S., W.M., S.Y.), the Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.X.G., S.I.B., J.S., G.G.), Medicine (P.J.D., M.M., D.C., F.K.B., M.K.W., A.P., V.T., J.E., P.L.G., E.P.B.-C., W.M., G.G., S.Y.), Surgery (A.L., R.P.W.), and Anesthesia (J.S., T.V.) and the School of Nursing (M.H.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, the Departments of Medicine (A.X.G., P.S.R.) and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (A.X.G.), Western University, London, and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston (J.L.P.), ON, the Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (E.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University (T.C.), Montreal, and the Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon (M.P.) - all in Canada; the Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide (T.W.P.), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.W.P.), Adelaide, SA, and the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University (T.R.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne (K.L.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center (V.L.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (V.L.) and the Department of Anesthesiology, V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology (S.V.A.), Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg (S.E.), and V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow (V.V.L.) - all in Russia; the Departments of Outcomes Research (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.) and General Anesthesia (K.R., A.T.) and the Anesthesiology Institute (D.I.S., K.R., A.T.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.); Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (M.J.M.-Z.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (M.N.), and the Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital (P.P.), Barcelona, and the Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid (H.J.A.) - all in Spain; the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W.); St. John's Medical College, Bangalore (D.X., M.R.), and the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surat Institute of Digestive Sciences Hospital and Research Center, Surat (K. Bhatt) - both in India; the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan (G.L.); the Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Center for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Krakow, Poland (W.S.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (D. Schmartz); the Department of Anesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, and the School of Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.); the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (C.S.M.); Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.); Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, and Servicio de Anestesiología, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile (D.T.); the Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (E.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, and Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.); and the Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Paris Saint Joseph, University of Paris, Paris (P.A.).
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Marcucci M; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Painter TW; Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (T.W.P.).; Conen D; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Lomivorotov V; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia (V.L., S.I.).; Sessler DI; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Chan MTV; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.).; Borges FK; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Leslie K; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.L.).; Duceppe E; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.D.).; Martínez-Zapata MJ; Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Public Health and Clinical Epidemiology Service, IIB Sant Pau, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain (M.J.M.).; Wang CY; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W., C.C.C.).; Xavier D; St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India (D.X.).; Ofori SN; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Wang MK; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Efremov S; Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia (S.E.).; Landoni G; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy (G.L.).; Kleinlugtenbelt YV; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, the Netherlands (Y.V.K.).; Szczeklik W; Centre for Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (W.S.).; Schmartz D; CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (D.S.).; Garg AX; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (A.X.G.).; Short TG; Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand (T.G.S.).; Wittmann M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W.).; Meyhoff CS; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark (C.S.M.).; Amir M; Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan (M.A.).; Torres D; Departamento de Epidemiología y Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile (D.T.).; Patel A; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T.).; Ruetzler K; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Parlow JL; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (J.L.P.).; Tandon V; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A.P., V.T.).; Fleischmann E; Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (E.F.).; Polanczyk CA; UFRGS, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, IATS; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil (C.A.P.).; Lamy A; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Jayaram R; Department of Anaesthetics, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom (R.J.).; Astrakov SV; Department of Anesthesiology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia (S.V.A.).; Wu WKK; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (M.T.V.C., W.K.K.W.).; Cheong CC; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (C.Y.W., C.C.C.).; Ayad S; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Kirov M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia (M.K.).; de Nadal M; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M. de N.).; Likhvantsev VV; V. Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia (V.V.L.).; Paniagua P; Anesthesiology Department, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (P.P.).; Aguado HJ; Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain (H.J.A.).; Maheshwari K; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Whitlock RP; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; McGillion MH; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Vincent J; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Copland I; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Balasubramanian K; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Biccard BM; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (B.M.B.).; Srinathan S; Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (S.S.).; Ismoilov S; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russia (V.L., S.I.).; Pettit S; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Stillo D; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Kurz A; Anesthesiology Institute, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., K.R., S.A., K.M., A.K.).; Belley-Côté EP; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Spence J; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; McIntyre WF; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Bangdiwala SI; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Guyatt G; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (G.G.).; Yusuf S; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).; Devereaux PJ; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.M., D.C., F.K.B., S.N.O., M.K.W., A.L., R.P.W., M.H.M., J.V., I.C., K.B., S.P., D.S., E.P.B., J.S., W.F.M., S.I.B., S.Y., P.J.D.).
Publisher: American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372351 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1539-3704 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00034819 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
Botto F; From the Hamilton General Hospital, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular, and Stroke Research Institute, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (P.J.D.); and Members of The VISION Writing Group and VISION Investigators, who are listed in appendix 1 and appendix 2, respectively. Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Research, Estudios Clinicos Latino America (ECLA), Rosario, Argentina Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga and Fundación Cardioinfantil, Colombia St. John's Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia Research Institute Hcor (Hospital do Coracao), Sao Paulo, Brazil Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India Universidad PeruanaCayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilto; Alonso-Coello P; Chan MT; Villar JC; Xavier D; Srinathan S; Guyatt G; Cruz P; Graham M; Wang CY; Berwanger O; Pearse RM; Biccard BM; Abraham V; Malaga G; Hillis GS; Rodseth RN; Cook D; Polanczyk CA; Szczeklik W; Sessler DI; Sheth T; Ackland GL; Leuwer M; Garg AX; Lemanach Y; Pettit S; Heels-Ansdell D; Luratibuse G; Walsh M; Sapsford R; Schünemann HJ; Kurz A; Thomas S; Mrkobrada M; Thabane L; Gerstein H; Paniagua P; Nagele P; Raina P; Yusuf S; Devereaux PJ; Devereaux PJ; Sessler DI; Walsh M; Guyatt G; McQueen MJ; Bhandari M; Cook D; Bosch J; Buckley N; Yusuf S; Chow CK; Hillis GS; Halliwell R; Li S; Lee VW; Mooney J; Polanczyk CA; Furtado MV; Berwanger O; Suzumura E; Santucci E; Leite K; Santo JA; Jardim CA; Cavalcanti AB; Guimaraes HP; Jacka MJ; Graham M; McAlister F; McMurtry S; Townsend D; Pannu N; Bagshaw S; Bessissow A; Bhandari M; Duceppe E; Eikelboom J; Ganame J; Hankinson J; Hill S; Jolly S; Lamy A; Ling E; Magloire P; Pare G; Reddy D; Szalay D; Tittley J; Weitz J; Whitlock R; Darvish-Kazim S; Debeer J; Kavsak P; Kearon C; Mizera R; O'Donnell M; McQueen M; Pinthus J; Ribas S; Simunovic M; Tandon V; Vanhelder T; Winemaker M; Gerstein H; McDonald S; O'Bryne P; Patel A; Paul J; Punthakee Z; Raymer K; Salehian O; Spencer F; Walter S; Worster A; Adili A; Clase C; Cook D; Crowther M; Douketis J; Gangji A; Jackson P; Lim W; Lovrics P; Mazzadi S; Orovan W; Rudkowski J; Soth M; Tiboni M; Acedillo R; Garg A; Hildebrand A; Lam N; Macneil D; Mrkobrada M; Roshanov PS; Srinathan SK; Ramsey C; John PS; Thorlacius L; Siddiqui FS; Grocott HP; McKay A; Lee TW; Amadeo R; Funk D; McDonald H; Zacharias J; Villar JC; Cortés OL; Chaparro MS; Vásquez S; Castañeda A; Ferreira S; Coriat P; Monneret D; Goarin JP; Esteve CI; Royer C; Daas G; Chan MT; Choi GY; Gin T; Lit LC; Xavier D; Sigamani A; Faruqui A; Dhanpal R; Almeida S; Cherian J; Furruqh S; Abraham V; Afzal L; George P; Mala S; Schünemann H; Muti P; Vizza E; Wang CY; Ong GS; Mansor M; Tan AS; Shariffuddin II; Vasanthan V; Hashim NH; Undok AW; Ki U; Lai HY; Ahmad WA; Razack AH; Malaga G; Valderrama-Victoria V; Loza-Herrera JD; De Los Angeles Lazo M; Rotta-Rotta A; Szczeklik W; Sokolowska B; Musial J; Gorka J; Iwaszczuk P; Kozka M; Chwala M; Raczek M; Mrowiecki T; Kaczmarek B; Biccard B; Cassimjee H; Gopalan D; Kisten T; Mugabi A; Naidoo P; Naidoo R; Rodseth R; Skinner D; Torborg A; Paniagua P; Urrutia G; Maestre ML; Santaló M; Gonzalez R; Font A; Martínez C; Pelaez X; De Antonio M; Villamor JM; García JA; Ferré MJ; Popova E; Alonso-Coello P; Garutti I; Cruz P; Fernández C; Palencia M; Díaz S; Del Castillo T; Varela A; de Miguel A; Muñoz M; Piñeiro P; Cusati G; Del Barrio M; Membrillo MJ; Orozco D; Reyes F; Sapsford RJ; Barth J; Scott J; Hall A; Howell S; Lobley M; Woods J; Howard S; Fletcher J; Dewhirst N; Williams C; Rushton A; Welters I; Leuwer M; Pearse R; Ackland G; Khan A; Niebrzegowska E; Benton S; Wragg A; Archbold A; Smith A; McAlees E; Ramballi C; Macdonald N; Januszewska M; Stephens R; Reyes A; Paredes LG; Sultan P; Cain D; Whittle J; Del Arroyo AG; Sessler DI; Kurz A; Sun Z; Finnegan PS; Egan C; Honar H; Shahinyan A; Panjasawatwong K; Fu AY; Wang S; Reineks E; Nagele P; Blood J; Kalin M; Gibson D; Wildes T
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1300217 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1528-1175 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00033022 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anesthesiology Subsets: MEDLINE
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