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'학술논문' 에서 검색결과 1,160건 | 목록 1~20
The effective ways of combating monopoly in business sphere in condition of digitalization: STARS International University 205 THE EFFECTIVE WAYS OF COMBATING MONOPOLY IN BUSINESS SPHERE IN CONDITION OF DIGITALIZATION NORQUVVATOVA MAKHBUBA, STARS International University studentMahbuba.norquvvatova@iclod.com SAIDOVA MARKHABO KHABIBULLO KIZI STARS International University PhD, Associate ProfessorE-mail: marhabo.uzb@mail.ru Abstract: In world practice, it is important to develop targeted strategies aimed at further improving the business environment, implementing active business projects to en-sure sustainable economic development, pursuing economic policies that have a positive effect on business development, conducting research aimed at using blockchain technol-ogy as well as ensuring interest in business development by state and society. The issues of doing business after the global crisis caused by the pandemic, statistical observation, and forecasting issues, statistical assessment of the impact of the pandemic on business entities, and improving methods of statistical analysis of business development process-es during and after the pandemic became important as never before. As a result of the conducted research, the authors have reached assessing quantitative and qualitative in-dicators of factors affecting business development processes has been developed, and software has been created that makes the accurate analyzes on the basis of blockchain of the data, a comprehensive analytical approach was developed based on statistical indica-tors characterizing business development trends in the country, in the SNA sectors, in the context of key industries and regions, multifactor empirical models were developed and forecast options for 2021-2026 were proposed using the scenario method. The theoretical approaches and the initial data used are taken from official sources, based on the data of business entities operating in Uzbekistan, proposals, and recommendations implemented in practice, statistical data of the State Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Uzbeki-stan, as well as primary data obtained during the study. The proposed blockchain stages in the business process accurately evaluate the results that meet the requirements of digital economy. Keywords: business process, blockchain, digital economy, empirical model, statistical data, growing economics, e-government, e-business, e-commerce. https://doi.org/10.47689/STARS.university-pp Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 206 INTRODUCTION Today’s highly competitive world, the operation of a market economy is insep- arably going to connect with a digital economy which is considered to be one of the main ways to a fast-growing economy and improve living standards in the national economy. That’s why governments set themselves an urgent task today and, in the future, to ensure the effective formation, functioning, and development of e-government, e-business, e-commerce, and other systems. E-government is a public administration system based on automating the entire set of management processes across the country and serving the purpose of significantly improving the efficiency of public administration and reducing the costs of social commu-nications for each member of society. The creation of e-government involves the construction of a nationally distributed public administration system that imple-ments the solution of a full range of tasks related to document management and processing processes. This system effectively manages government organizations and provides the public with fast and efficient administrative services through the electronic systematization of knowledge and information inside and outside gov-ernment organizations. In other words, e-government can be called a government in the knowledge and information society, which uses information technology to innovate in administrative work and provide high-quality administrative services to the population effectively. The tasks of e-government include the electronic processing of public services, electronic processing of electronic transactions be-tween people and business-to-business (G2C, G2B), as well as electronic process-ing of intra-government information. Business processing of internal government agencies and intergovernmental business (G2G), namely the creation of a state informatization fund. It is the government that increases significantly the produc-tivity and efficiency of administrative work by integrating the administrative infor-mation system into a high-speed information and communication network. Business is considered key to economic performance in creating innovative changes and operating facilities of manufacturing, utilities, and social infrastruc-ture, as well as providing public benefits and services, through developing of these sectors new jobs are created, productivity and competitiveness are increased, pov-erty is alleviated and societal goals are achieved, in particular by helping specific population groups to help themselves. They play a crucial role in the formation and development of the Uzbek economy. Every year normative acts are adopted in particular fields in our country. Newly adopted and long-acting solutions some-times come into conflict with each other because of intensively changing econom-ic conditions. Confirming certain conditions and opportunities of Uzbekistan, our authorities are still searching for ways to modernize and develop infrastructure. In that way, small businesses and private entrepreneurship assist to achieve the par-ticular goal as well as have great importance for overcoming poverty, accumulat-ing human capital, and increasing the welfare of the country and adopting quickly for changing economic conditions. Usage of blockchain technology in business processes can avoid common pitfalls like inexperienced management, and lack of financial stability, small businesses suffer a mortality rate significantly higher than that of larger, more established businesses primarily because of limited resources, poor operations STARS International University 207 management, lack of experience, poor financial management, over-investing in fixed assets, poor credit practices, failure to plan, inappropriate location, lack of inventory control and etc. Nowadays all business owners it is needed to use digitalization by knowing their business in depth, developing a solid busi-ness plan, managing financial resources, understanding financial statements, and learning to manage people effectively. As the private sector is attracted to providing public benefits and services in the infrastructure sector, so in its usage of blockchain technology plays an important structural and dynamic role in all economies. Figure 1. Key components of the business In conclusion from the above considerations, an authorial definition has been developed based on a study of the approaches expressed by scientists to the concept of business. According to him, “Business is a type of business activity of individuals and legal entities in the system of market relations, as well as ac-tivities aimed at generating income and other positive benefits in the field of production and services. “This is stated in Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On guarantees of freedom of entrepreneurial activity”. It differs from the definition of “entrepreneurial activity aimed at gaining income (profit)” as an activity aimed not only at economic benefits but also at positive social and spiritual benefits [19]. Today, there is also a fanciful type of business that reflects creativity and innovation, unique approaches in the minds of people. A funky business is a type of business that goes beyond certain patterns, requires new Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 208 innovations, and changes the form of management. It was noted that Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google, which are mainly large companies in this business, have a unique and unique role. It should be noted that these high-tech giants have further developed despite the pandemic, and the total revenue has increased by 40%. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS Business activities add to the development of Japan, both externally and in- ternally. Internal factors include the size, the amount and its distribution, tech-nological degree, the method of labor organization, evaluation policy, and so on. External factors are the factors that arise in the external environment: the market environment and the competitive environment, the behavior of suppliers and con-sumers, natural and climatic conditions, socio-economic factors, the state, and the legal framework. Taking into account the structural and interaction laws of these factors, it is expedient for the business entity to conduct a comprehensive analy-sis, and study the market situation in their own country and the market of foreign countries. The STEEPLE (social, technological, economic, environmental, social, legal, and ethical) analysis tool is used to analyze, evaluate, and study the business environ-ment that influences business development. This tip is sometimes referred to as PESTLE, which means the same thing when a moral twist is dropped. STEEPLE analysis produces the following macalalap: During the study, a questionnaire was developed to assess the factors affect- ing business development based on the STEEPLE analysis, and all of these fac-tors were evaluated by experts. The survey suggested evaluating the weight of a group of seven factors proposed on a five-point scale to assess the factors influ-encing business development, ranking the key indicators for which each factor is assessed [20]. CONCLUSION To further develop business in Uzbekistan, to study the knowledge and capa- bilities of each person in doing business, to study the problems of doing business financing, to take measures to help them, and to create a number of business op-portunities: Improving the economic and statistical analysis of a business is one of the measures aimed at improving the analysis and planning of economic activity of business entities, the importance of monitoring, studying and forecasting busi-ness development using economic and mathematical models. The author’s defini-tion is developed on “Business is an activity of individuals and legal entities in the system of market relations, aimed at earning income and other positive results in the field of production and service” after the basis of the research of approaches to business and entrepreneurship by scientists. In a survey based on the STEEPLE analysis, Kendall’s concordance coefficient was used to assess the weight of seven groups of factors on a five-point scale to qualitatively assess the factors influenc-ing business development. STARS International University 209 References 1. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev appeal to the Oliy Majlis 25.01.2020 // HTTPS: //uza.uz/oz/zolitics and http://library.ziyonet.uz. 2. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of February 7, 2017 In- ternational PF–4947 “On Action Strategy for Further Development of Uzbekistan” // www.Uz. 3. Saidova M.X. “Business and development of business and its development in the country”, Economics and Innovative Technologies “№1.-Tu, January-February 2017. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/An- nual-Reports/English/ Doing Business 2020: Reforms Propel Uzbekistan to Place Among World’s Top 20 Business Climate Improvers.pdf; Saidova M.Х. The granted opportunities for promotion business and their results in Uzbekistan // “Халқаро молия ва ҳисоб” илмий электрон журнали. 2017. –№2 – 1-10 б. (08.00.00; №19) Saidova M.Х. Embeddedness and growth of business in Uzbekistan//Interna- tional Scientific Journal Theoretical & Applied Science Philadelphia, USA. 2019. – Vol.71, Issue 03. – 441-447 p. (GIF-0.56, SJIF-5.667) Gafurov U., Khamidova Z. Theoretical and methodological basis of research on the development of handicraft activity in the economic policy of Amir Temur. Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, Issue-07, 2019. 951-965 pp. (SCOPUS bace, Q3, H-index 0,13 SJR). Khamidova Z. Land ownership relations in the economic policy of Amir Temur and Timurides. International Scientific Journal. Theoretical & Applied Science. GIF-0.564. Philadelphia, USA. 2018. Published: 30.11.2018. 174-178 p. Gafurov U., Khamidova Z. Theoretical and methodological basis of the nature study and characteristics of craft work. Economics and Innovative Technologies. Tashkent state university of economy. Vol. 2019, No. 5, september-october. 76-82 pp. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/An- nual-Reports/English/ Doing Business 2020: Reforms Propel Uzbekistan to Place Among World’s Top 20 Business Climate Improvers.pdfAbdurakhmanova, G.K, Gaibnazarov, S.G, Shayusupuva, N.T, Fayziyeva, D.S, Tursunov B.O. Methodical as-pects of establishing a control system over compliance with principles of decent work and social security in textile enterprises. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control System, 2020, 12(5), pp. 73–81 Abdurakhmanov, K.K, Umurzakov, B.K, Zokirova, N.K, Ugli, T.N.B., Abdura- khmanova, G.K. Impact of demographic processes on the labor market of Uzbeki-stan. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019, 8(3 Spe-cial Issue), pp. 572–576 4. Abdurakhmanov K.K., Mukhitdinov, E.M., Grishin, V.I., Abdurakhmanova, G.K., Kuchkarov, G.F. Labor migration of the population and evaluation of supply chain on the labor market. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2019, 8(2), pp. 896–907 Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 210 5. Burkhanov, A., Bakhodirovna, B.D. Evaluation of economic potential of textile industry enterprises. Vlakna a Textil, 2021, 28(2), pp. 9–21 6. Burkhanov, A.U. Assessment of financial security of investment funds. Jour- nal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 2020, 12(5), стр. 293–300. 7. Burkhanov, A.U., Tursunov, B.O. Main indicators of textile enterprises’ finan- cial security assessment. Vlakna a Textil, 2020, 27(3), pp. 35–40 8. Eshov, M., Amirov, L., Askarova, M. Development of the agricultural sector and its importance in Uzbekistan. E3S Web of Conferences, 2021, 244, 03014. 9. Eshov, M., Osamy, W., Aziz, A., Khedr, A.M. Econometric Analysis of Stock Market Performance during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Uzbekistan Stock Market: Uzbekistan Stock Market Performance during COVID-19 Pandem-ic. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2021, 12(4), pp. 197–204 10. Eshov, M. Influence assessment of enterprise management value based on coefficients methods under the risk conditions. Advances in Mathematics: Scientif-ic Journal, 2020, 9(9), pp. 7573–7598
Academic Journal
Makhbuba Norquvvatova; Markhabo Saidova
Современные тенденции инновационного развития науки и образования в глобальном мире. 1:205-210
Find it@PNU
Machine Learning Approaches to Sentiment Analysis in Classic and Modern Literature
Conference
Elov, Botir; Abdurakhmanova, Uldona; Muminova, Dilorom; Al Said, Nidal; Odinaev, Bekkul; Gafurova, Mushtariy
2025 3rd International Conference on IoT, Communication and Automation Technology (ICICAT) IoT, Communication and Automation Technology (ICICAT), 2025 3rd International Conference on. :1-7 Dec, 2025
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Training of qualified specialists in the conditions of digitalization of education: Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 66 Abstract: Modern professions offered high demands on the intellectual skills of employees to students’ place. Information technologies, especially multimedia, provide an opportunity to develop the intellectual skills of students. High requirements for the intellectual development of students occupy one of the leading positions in the international labor market. A delay in the development of intellectual skills means a delay in life. Therefore, in professional preparation of students for the modern digital society, it is necessary, first of all, to develop their intellectual skills and teach them how to apply them in practice. Keywords: intellectual skills, digital society, digitalization of education, media literacy. The era of digital economy dictates new requirements for the system of education and vocational training. One of the priorities of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 6079 “On approval of the strategy “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” and measures for its effective implementation” is the progressive development of the existing education system, which should provide the economy with competent personnel. In addition, this program declares the need to create a motivation system for mastering the necessary competencies and participation of personnel in the development of the digital economy of Uzbekistan. Students should possess the knowledge, skills and competencies related to information technologies to work as a person with high potential in digital economy. The actions of people depend on what extent they are exposed to the information environment and how effectively they can use this information. Each student must receive, process and apply data using computers to function freely in information flows. Working in digital economy has become a prerequisite for success in public life. Speaking about the process of digitalization of the economy and society, first of all, it is necessary to clarify its meaning. In the broadest sense the process of digitalization usually refers to socio-economic changes that began with an initiative to adopt and develop digital technologies widely. The digitalization of education involves technologies for creating, processing, exchanging and transmitting SAYDIVOSILOV SAYDIABZAL Student of “Digital Economy” direction of Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al – Khwarizmi, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. ABDURAKHMANOVA SHAKHNOZA ABDUKHAKİMOVNA Head of the Department of Information Technologies, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. TRAINING OF QUALIFIED SPECIALISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION https://doi.org/10.47689/STARS.university-pp66-69 STARS International University 67 information. One of the urgent tasks is introduction of digital technologies in all stages of the education system and increasing the level of digital knowledge, necessary for a modern economy, improving educational infrastructure, as well as the opening of digital learning centers in all regions of the country by 2022. The analysis of the problems of modern practice of preparing students for the development of intellectual skills, the analysis of information sources determined the subject of the article – the need to develop students’ intellectual skills in the context of digitalization of education. Additional research methods were: selective interviewing of students; feedback in the format of reviews on implemented training programs for specialists; analysis of the results of internal evaluation during the accreditation procedures, study of the needs of society and employers. Development of digital skills in all segments of the population, especially among young people, the introduction and development of distance, online and virtual learning technologies in digital technologies, development platforms for online courses, generation highly qualified personnel in digital technologies, training talented IT professionals, development of mechanisms for assessing the ability use digital technologies, taking into account the following aspects: – information literacy (the ability to find the information needed for decision making); – computer literacy (the ability to work with digital devices)– media literacy (the ability to study the media critically)– communication literacy (the ability to use modern digital means of communication). In digital economy, developing the skills to use digital technologies should be mainly carried out in the education system, especially in the vocational education system, with the introduction of these skills into practice. In the process of further reforming digital economy in the country, the goal of higher education is to train qualified specialists and personnel with practical skills in applying modern digital, in particular multimedia technologies in the workplace, along with education. Actively support innovative forms, technologies and developments in the educational process, ensuring the interaction of vocational education and production, meeting the individual needs of the individual in intellectual development through vocational education and the development of creative activity. For the introduction of digital technologies in the system of higher education, the following tasks have been set: – to create opportunities for students to acquire digital skills through the introduction of digital technologies at the initial stage of education, develop analytical and critical thinking, give young people knowledge and skills in the context of large-scale digital transformation; – introduction of highly effective international practices into the education system aimed at organizing training in the field of technological professions and innovation; – to increase the number of graduates of higher educational institutions studying in the field of information and communication technologies, graduates of secondary specialized professional educational institutions with an average qualification in the field of information technologies; Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 68 – digitalization of educational materials by ensuring the development and maintenance of a unified state requirement for the use of digitalization formats for paper materials; – development and promotion of research in the field of digital technologies, improvement of their organizational mechanisms; – conducting research on software development for the implementation of various models of “cloud” services; – further improvement of e-learning resources for the system of preschool, secondary and higher education, as well as ensuring the use of domestic and world educational resources [2]. When performing the above tasks, students must be professionally trained personnel who own modern pedagogical and digital technologies, intellectually developed, creative, and have a personal style. Given this, in the digital economy, it is important to develop the intellectual skills of students by increasing their digital literacy. In the digital economy, the quality of social groups is improving in terms of education and intellectual level. N.A. Muslimov [8. P. 45] and K.M. Abdullayeva [3] in their research developed an individual structure of a creative teacher in the process of preparing future teachers in the field of vocational education. In this structure, intellectual, motivational, emotional, self-governing, practical subject and volitional factors influencing on the formation of professional competence of a future teacher in the field of vocational education were identified. These include the acquisition of skills in problem-based learning, creativity and systematic thinking as an intellectual factor. When analyzing the authors, we found several definitions of the content of intellectual skills, many of which used the concept of “intellectual skills” without a definition. V.A. Gusev defines intellectual skills as “mastering the operations of thinking” [6]. T.I. Shamova, on the contrary, considers intellectual skills primarily “mastery of mental operations and independent thinking” [9]. M.V. Zueva [7. PP. 24–28] under the intellectual abilities understands the ability to use the methods of logical thinking in the assimilation of certain educational material. I.S. Yakimanskaya [10] defines intellectual abilities as a link between knowledge and practical skills, providing real knowledge acquisition. Analyzing various approaches to the content of the concept of “intellectual skills” in our study, we came to the following conclusion: intellectual skills is the ability of students to master and apply mental operations consciously in the process of independent creative activity [4. PP. 12–14]. A voluntary approach to learning should have a decisive impact on mental development, since its purpose is to equip student’s variety of knowledge and skills. Mastering the learning material students learn to open connections and relationships, acquire the ability to form clear judgments and definitions of the concepts being mastered, and their actions are based on mental operations. Mastering Operations thinking allows you to determine the relationship between the objects of thought, which leads to the expansion of the subjective space of understanding the content concepts being learned. The connection between theory and practice in digital economy is, first of all, in total, analysis and theoretical generalization of information received, determination STARS International University 69 of patterns in the process of solving problems by students. Analyzing the above considerations, in the course of our research work, we came to the conclusion that students for successful professional activity must acquire intellectual skills. REFERENCES: 1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 4699 dated April 28, 2020 “On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e-government”. 2. Абдуллаева К.М. Махсус фанларни ўқитишда бўлажак ўқитувчиларнинг касбий билим ва кўникмаларини шакллантиришнинг методик асослари: Дис. ... пед.фан.ном. – Т.: 2006. – Б. 182. 3. Abdurakhmanova Sh.A. On one aspect of the development of intellectual skills in a digital society // Actual problems of professional pedagogical and psychological education: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Saratov, 2018 – PP. 12–14. 4. Гусев В.А. Психолого – педагогические основы обучения математике / В.А. Гусев. ООО «Издательский центр «Академия», 2003. – С. 108. 5. Зуева М.В. О формировании учебных умений учащихся / М.В. Зуева // X. Вшк. – 1984. – №6. – С. 24–28. 6. Муслимов Н.А. Касб таълими ўқитувчиларини касбий шакллантиришнинг назарий – методик асослари.: Автореф. дис. ... пед. фан. докт. – Т.: 2007. – Б. 45. 7. Шамова Т.И. Управление образовательным процессом в адаптивной шко- ле / Т.И. Шамова, Т.М. Давыденко. – М.:Центр «Педагогический – поиск», 2001. – C. 384. Якиманская И.С. Психологические основы математического образования: уч. пос. для вузов / И.С. Якиманская. – М.: Академия, 2004. – C. 320.
Academic Journal
Современные тенденции инновационного развития науки и образования в глобальном мире. 1
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Liy ta’lim muassasalari talabalarida muloqot kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda rolli (o‘yinli) muloqot: 247 OLIY TA’LIM MUASSASALARI TALABALARIDA MULOQOT KOMPETENSIYASINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA ROLLI (O‘YINLI) MULOQOT A.A.Xasanov ( SamDU O‘zFinPI) Abstract. This article emphasizes the need to focus on the formation of "communication competence", which involves changing the process of professional development of students of pedagogical universities. It is said that he should strive to improve it throughout his career. Keywords: communication competence, future teacher, approach, intensive teaching, role communication, communication situation, verbal and nonverbal means, authentic materials Respublikamizda xorijiy tillarni o‘rganishga bo‘lgan talab va munosabat yildan-yilga oshib bormoqda. Xorijiy tillarni o‘qitish sifatini oshirish maqsadida bir qator chora-tadbirlar ishlab chiqilmoqda. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining “O‘zbekiston Respublikasi oliy ta’lim tizimini 2030-yilgacha rivojlantirish konsepsiyasini tasdiqlash to‘g‘risida” 2019-yil 8-oktyabrdagi PF-5847-sonli qarori, “O‘zbekiston Respublikasida xorijiy tillarni o‘rganishni ommalashtirish faoliyatini sifat jihatidan yangi bosqichga olib chiqish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida” 2021-yil 19-maydagi PF-5117-sonli qarorlari fikrimizning yaqqol isbotidir O‘zbekistonning umumjahon ta’lim muhitiga kirishi, mehnat bozorida chet tilining kasbiy ahamiyati pedagogik OTMda chet tilini o‘qitishni, pedagogik OTM talabalarining kasbiy rivojlanishlari jarayonini o‘zgarishini nazarda tutuvchi, «muloqot kompetensiyasi»ni shakllantirishga yo‘nalganligini talab etadi. Bo‘lajak o‘qituvchi mazkur kompetensiyaga ega bo‘lishi va pedagogik OTMda o‘qish vaqtida uni egallashga ongli intilishi hamda butun kasbiy yo‘li davomida uni takomillashtirishga intilishi kerak. Til obyektiv voqyelik to‘g‘risidagi fikrni ifodalash vositasi hisoblanib, uning xususiyatlari va qonuniyatlari boshqa fanlarning predmeti hisoblanadi, ushbu ma’noda til o‘quv fan sifatida “fanlararo” hisoblanadi. Muloqot kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish davomida shaxsiy yo‘naltirilgan, madaniyatshunoslik va kreativ kabi yondashuvlarni amalga oshirish jarayonida ta’lim oluvchining shaxs xususiyatlarini inobatga olish, o‘quv jarayonining muloqot motivasiyasiga katta e’tibor qaratiladi. Chet tilini egallash usullari qatorida rivojlantiruvchi imkoniyatga ega bo‘lgani afzal hisoblanadi: fikr uyg‘otadi, uni ifodalash vositalarini rivojlantiradi, hissiyotlarni, obrazli tasavvurlarni boyitadi, muloqotning umumiy madaniyatini va umuman ijtimoiy xulqni takomillashtiradi. Chet tili bo‘yicha mashg‘ulotlarda intensiv o‘qitish prinsiplarini amalga oshirish – o‘quv materialini va o‘quv jarayonini rolli (o‘yinli) tashkil etish; G.A. Kitaygorodskaya tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan jamoaviy (guruhli) o‘zaro aloqalar pedagogik OTM talabalarida muloqot kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishda samarali vosita bo‘lib hisoblanadi. Rolli muloqot ijtimoiy rollar bilan bog‘liq muloqot sifatida ifodalanadi, ya’ni ta’lim oluvchilar shunchaki shaxs sifatida emas, balki avvalo ma’lum ijtimoiy rollarning tashuvchilari siftida muloqot qiladilar. Har bir ijtimoiy rol ortida mazkur tilga oid jamiyatning madaniy xususiyatlariga bog‘liq bo‘lgan, jamiyat tomonidan belgilangan nutqiy va nonutqiy xulq me’yorlari mustahkamlanadi. Ta’lim oluvchilarning rollar-maskalarda ifodalangan ijtimoiy rollarni egallashlari, ta’lim oluvchini unga zarur bo‘lgan verbal va 248 noverbal standart strukturalarning me’yoriy bog‘liq majmui bilan rolni ijro etishi kerak bo‘lgan vaziyatga “tushirish”ga imkon beradi, bu ularni qo‘llashning mustahkam malakasini shakllantirishga ko‘maklashadi. Ammo barcha rollar ijtimoiy va shaxslararo bo‘lganligi sababli, ijro etiluvchi va haqiqiy rollar, lingvo-ijtimoiy-madaniy jihatdan nutqiy va nonutqiy xulqning me’yorlari va stereotiplari bilan bog‘liq, muloqot kompetensiyani rivojlantirish uchun ikki vazifani hal etish zarurati yuzaga keladi: 1) taklif etilgan rollarning maqsadi va ijro etish foydasini tushuntirish (o‘qitishdan avval maqsadga muvofiq); 2) o‘qituvchi tomonidan verbal va noverbal muloqot vositalari, modellari va xulq stereotiplari majmuini xorijiy va o‘z madaniy sosiumlarida aniq ifodalash va tabaqalashtirish. Muloqot kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish ijtimoiy-psixologik me’yorni, xulq ssenariylari va modellarini qo‘llash adaptiv ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish va tili o‘rganilayotgan jamiyatda ma’lum ijtimoiy yoki shaxslararo rolga xos bo‘lgan mazkur me’yorlarni stereotiplashtirishga imkon beruvchi shaxsiy-rolli o‘zaro aloqalarning muayyan sharoitlarini tashkil etishni nazarda tutadi. Muloqot vaziyatining barcha asosiy komponentlarini hisobga olishga katta e’tibor qaratish lozim bo‘lib, ularga quyidagilar taalluqli: muloqotchilar va ularning ijtimoiy rollari, ular orasidagi munosabatlar, muloqot maqsadi, mazmuni, vositalari, joyi, vaqti va kanallari. Ammo muloqot kompetensiyasining rivojlanishi nazarda tutilganida mazkur komponentlarni hisobga olishgina yetarli emas. Bu holatda o‘quv faoliyatini tashkil etishning asosiy birligi sifatida ta’lim oluvchilarga taklif etiladigan vaziyat didaktik vazifani hal etishi kerak, ya’ni vaziyatga mos nafaqat leksik-grammatik vositalarni, balki xulqning ma’lum stereotiplari va ssenariylarini ham kirituvchi me’yoriy nutqiy va nonutqiy xulqni ta’minlashi kerak. Modellashtirilgan vaziyatlar ta’lim oluvchilarga aniq bilimlarni berishi va verbal xulq qat’iy tartibga solinadigan va inson nimani amalga oshirishi mumkinligi va bunda nimani gapirishi mumkinligini to‘liq belgilab beradigan, standart nutqiy vaziyatlarda lingvo-ijtimoiy-madaniy me’yorlardan foydalanish malakalarini hosil qilishi mumkin. Shuningdek verbal vaziyatlarda nutq va xulq shakllarini tanlash ham muhim bo‘lib, ular nutq shakli mazmun bilan yaqin bog‘lanmagan bo‘ladi. Bunday vaziyatda suhbatdoshlarning ijtimoiy-shaxsiy o‘zaro munosabatlari, ularning umumta’limiy darajalari, muloqotchlar tomonidan qo‘llaniladigan suhbatning ohangi, noverbal vositalar muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘ladi. Mazkur tavsiflar ko‘pincha o‘zgarishi mumkinligi sababli, nutq shakli ham o‘zgarishi mumkin, ammo mazmun o‘zgarmas bo‘lib qoladi. Guruhli o‘zaro aloqaning batafsil tahliliga berilmay, muloqot kompetensiyasining rivojlanishi nuqtai nazaridan ahamiyatli bo‘lgan ayrim jihatlarga to‘xtalib o‘tamiz: a) o‘quvchilar bir-birlari bilan faol muloqot qiladilar; b) ular o‘rtasida yaxshi o‘zaro munosabatlar yuzaga keladi; c) har kimning muvaffaqiyatining sharti boshqalarning muvaffaqiyati hisoblanadi. Talabalarga xos bo‘lgan nutqiy va nonutqiy xulq me’yorlari bilan tabiiyga yaqin vaziyatlarda muloqot qilib, o‘zaro aloqaga kirishadilar. Bunda ular nafaqat o‘zlarining bevosita suhbatdoshlariga, balki boshqa insonlarga ta’sir ko‘rsatuvchi fikrlarni inobatga olishlari zarur. Bu muloqotni o‘rgatishda muloqot xulqining refleksivligi jihatini kuchaytirishga olib keladi. O‘qish davomida talabalarning faol o‘zaro aloqalar ularning har birida o‘zini, o‘zining yangi nutqiy va nonutqiy xulqini yanada aniq idrok etish hamda muloqot bo‘yicha o‘z sheriklarini baholash ehtiyojini tug‘diradi. Shu tariqa, muloqot jarayonida insonning o‘z-o‘ziga, muloqotda o‘z xulqiga ekstrapolyasiyasi sodir bo‘ladi. 249 G.A.Kitaygorodskaya ta’kidlaganidek, intensiv o‘qitishda axborot almashish va o‘zaro boyitish jarayonida o‘quvchilarning doimiy faol jalb etilganliklarini ta’minlashi kerak bo‘lgan, o‘quv o‘zaro aloqalari turlari to‘g‘risidagi masala alohida ahamiyatga egadir. Buning uchun quyidagilar qo‘llaniladi: 1) juftlikda ishlash; 2) uchlikda ishlash; 3) kichik guruhda; 4) ikki jamoada; 5) o‘quvchi – guruh; 6) o‘qituvchi – guruh; 7) o‘qituvchi – kichik guruh tartibida ishlash va h.k. Muloqot kompetensiyasining rivojlanishi o‘qituvchi tomonidan tashkil etiladigan, ta’lim oluvchilarning haqiqiy muloqot faoliyatlarini modellashtiruvchi vaziyatlar orqali mumkin bo‘lganligi sababli, autentik materiallar (matnlar yoki videofonogrammalar), muammoli topshiriqlardan foydalanish, mazkur jarayonda samarali va mahsuldor hisoblanadi. Shu tariqa, o‘qitish jarayonida ta’lim oluvchini rolli xulqning ma’lum sifatlarini buyurib, o‘qituvchi unga yangi madaniyatga jalb etish, uni tushunish va haqiqiy muloqotni imitasiyalovchi jarayonda muloqot instrumenti sifatida qabul qilish imkonini beradi. FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO‘YXATI: 1. Abdullayeva B.S. Fanlararo aloqadorlikning metodologik-didaktik asoslari (Ijtimoiy-gumanitar yo‘nalishlardagi akademik litseylarda matematika o‘qitish misolida). Ped.fan.dokt…diss. avtoref. 2. Abdurakhmanova F.M. Psychosemantic features of translation into english in the scientific literature // Theoretical & applied science Учредители : Теоретическая и прикладная наука . – 2022. – №. 2. – С . 52-55. 3. Ashurov A.A. Kommunikativ kompetensiya tushunchasi va uning mazmun mohiyati. Scientific-methodological electronic journal “Foreign Languages in Uzbekistan”, 2020, No 1(30), 76–83. 4. Китайгородская, Г.А. Активизация учебной деятельности / Г.А. Ки - тайгородская. – М.: Изд - во Моск. гос. ун - та, 1982. – Вып. 11. – 173 с. 5. Китайгородская, Г.А. Методика интенсивного обучения иностранным языкам / Г.А. Китайгородская. – М.: Высш. шк. , 1988. – 342 с. 6. Ковальчук, М.А. Личность и ролевое общение в интенсивном обучении иностранным языкам / М.А. Ковальчук; Под ред. Г.А. Китайгородской. - М., 1990. - С. 19-27. 7. Коршунов, Н.Л. О природе закономерностей педагогической деятельности / Н.Л. Коршунов // Педагогика. – 1993. – № 5. – С. 58-61. 8. Ашуров, Шахобиддин саидович. "к проблеме типологии субстанциальных синтаксем (на примере английского и узбекского языков)." ученый xxi века 2 -5 (2016).
Academic Journal
А Xasanov
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Development and Comparative Analsys of Classification Algorithms of Uzbek Taxpayer Complaints and Questions
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